减量氮肥配施有机肥及硝化抑制剂对土壤pH值、甘薯产量及构成的影响  

Impacts of reduced nitrogen application combined with organic fertilizer andnitrification inhibitor on soil pH,sweetpotato tuber yield and its components

作　　者：徐聪 张辉[1] 唐忠厚[2] 刘庆[3] 李欢[3] 汪吉东[1] 张永春[1] Xu Cong;Zhang Hui;Tang Zhonghou;Liu Qing;Li Huan;Wang Jidong;Zhang Yongchun(Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation&Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province,MARA,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District of Jiangsu/Sweetpotato Research Institute,CAAS,Xuzhou 221121,Jiangsu,China;College of Resources&Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部江苏耕地保育科学观测站,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所/中国农业科学院甘薯研究所,江苏徐州221121 [3]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期26-30,F0003,共6页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-10-B9);江苏省重点研发项目(BE2019378);江苏省基础研究计划(BK20190258)。

摘　　要：有机肥替代化肥和施用硝化抑制剂是提升肥料利用效率、消减施肥所致环境问题的重要途径.2019、2020年针对甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种植体系,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施用化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、减量施氮+有机肥(80%N+M)、减量施氮+有机肥+硝化抑制剂(80%N+M+NI)和减量施氮+硝化抑制剂(80%N+NI)6个处理,通过田间试验研究减量氮肥配施有机肥及硝化抑制剂对土壤pH值、甘薯产量及构成的影响.结果发现,与NPK处理相比:采用M、80%N+M、80%N+M+NI和80%N+NI 4种施肥处理方式2年,土壤pH值升高0.19~0.34;所有有机肥施用处理(M、80%N+M、80%N+M+NI)下的甘薯产量均无显著变化(P>0.05);在2020年,80%N+M处理下的甘薯T/R值降低明显,80%N+M、80%N+M+NI处理平均薯块质量分别增加21.8%、18.7%;仅减量施氮配施硝化抑制剂处理下的甘薯产量及大薯(>250 g)比例显著降低(P<0.05).可见,在甘薯小麦种植体系下,减量氮肥下配施有机肥或者配施有机肥和硝化抑制剂,可显著减缓氮肥施用导致的土壤酸化进程,且有利于甘薯薯块膨大.Mineral fertilizer substitution by organic fertilizer(OF)and the application of nitrification inhibitor(NI)are crucial measures to promote fertilizer use efficiency and reduce the negative environmental effects induced by excessive fertilization.A two-year field experiment was conducted in sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)-wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cropping system to evaluate the effects of reduced nitrogen(N)application combined with OF and/or NI on soil pH,and the tuber yield and its components of sweetpotato,from 2019 to 2020.Six treatments,i.e.,non-fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(NPK),sole OF application(M),20% of mineral N substitution by OF(80%N+M),20% of mineral N substitution by OF plus NI(80%N+M+NI),and20%reduction of mineral N plus NI(80%N+NI),were set up in the study.The results showed that,the treatments of M,80%N+M,80%N+M+NI,and 80%N+NI increased soil pH by 0.19-0.34 relative to NPK in the two-year study.The tuber yield of sweetpotato in all OF-applied plots showed no significant difference in comparison with that in NPK(P>0.05).Compared with conventional fertilization,the T/Rvalue under 80%N+M reduced obviously and the averaged single tuber weight under 80%N+M and 80%N+M+NI increased by 21.8%and18.7%,respectively,in 2020.However,the tuber yield and the proportion of big tuber(>250 g)under 80%N+NI were significantly(P<0.05)lower than that under NPK.The study demonstrates that reduced N fertilizer combined with OF and with OF plus NI are promising measures to mitigate the soil acidification process while promoting tuber swelling of sweetpotato.

关 键 词：甘薯 有机肥替代化肥 土壤PH值 产量及构成 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]