黄淮南部地区小麦品种矮秆基因的分布及其对稀播和密播下农艺性状的影响  

Distribution of dwarfing genes and their effects on agronomic traits of wheat varieties under low-and high-density planting models in the southern area of Huanghuai

作　　者：裴星旭 吴文雪 梁秋芳 岳超 张自良 望俊森 陈树林[1] 詹克慧[1] PEI Xingxu;WU Wenxue;LIANG Qiufang;YUE Chao;ZHANG Ziliang;WANG Junsen;CHEN Shulin;ZHAN Kehui(College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2021年第3期404-413,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800304);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(192102310234)。

摘　　要：利用分子标记检测了黄淮南部麦区198份小麦品种的矮秆基因Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b和Rht8,并在5个稀播和4个密播环境下对其15个主要农艺性状进行了表型鉴定,分析了不同矮秆基因的分布及对稀播和密播下农艺性状的影响。结果表明,在198份材料中,携带Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b和Rht8材料的分布频率分别为12.12%,80.81%和80.30%,共检测到7种矮秆基因组合,没有发现携带3个基因的材料,分布频率高低次序为Rht-D1b+Rht8(66.67%)>Rht-D1b(13.13%)>Rht-B1b+Rht8(7.58%)>Rht-B1b(6.06%)>Rht8(3.54%)>None(2.02%)>Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b(1.01%)。除可育小穗数、穗长和穗粒数外,矮秆基因对其他农艺性状的影响较大,不同基因组合在稀播和密播条件下对绝大多数性状的影响较一致,但是密播的效应普遍小于稀播。降秆作用最大的是Rht-D1b,Rht-B1b次之,二者差异不显著,Rht8的作用最小,与Rht-D1b的差异达到显著水平。在稀播和密播条件下,单基因分别降低株高35和30 cm以上,双基因分别降低株高45和40 cm左右。基因之间存在明显的累加效应,至少携带2个矮秆基因才能满足黄淮南部地区小麦株高为80 cm的育种目标。矮秆基因的存在能够使抽穗提前、旗叶长度缩短、旗叶宽度增加、旗叶夹角大幅度变小、不育小穗数增加、单位面积穗数增加、千粒质量提高和单穗质量增加。黄淮南部地区主要利用的矮秆基因为Rht-D1b和Rht8,其广泛利用使小麦品种的农艺性状得到了改良,可能是产量潜力提升的主要原因。One hundred and ninety-eight varieties in the southern area of Huanghuai were used to identify dwarfing genes Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b and Rht8 using molecular markers,and 15 main agronomic traits were investigated in 5 environments for low-density planting and 4 environments for high-density planting to analyze the distribution different dwarfing genes and their effects on the agronomic traits of sparese and dense sowing.The results showed that the distribution frequencies of dwarfing genes Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b and Rht8 were 12.12%,80.81%and 80.30%,respectively.Seven dwarfing gene combinations were found with lack of 3 genes,and their distribution frequencies ranged as Rht-D1b+Rht8(66.67%)>Rht-D1b(13.13%)>Rht-B1b+Rht8(7.58%)>Rht-B1b(6.06%)>Rht8(3.54%)>None(2.02%)>Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b(1.01%).Except for fertile spikelet,spike length and grain number per spike,other agronomic traits were greatly affected by dwarfing genes,and for most traits,the 7 dwarfing gene compositions had identical impact in low-density and high-density planting model,but their effects in high-density planting model were generally smaller than those in low-density planting models.Rht-D1b had the greatest effect of reducing stem,Rht-B1b was next with no significant difference from Rht-D1b,and Rht8 was the smallest with significant difference from Rht-D1b.In low-density and high-density planting model,single dwarfing gene reduced over 35 cm and 30 cm in plant height,respectively,and double genes about 45 cm and 40 cm,respectively.Additive effect was found between dwarfing genes,and varieties with at least two dwarfing genes could meet the breeding target of 80 cm plant height in the southern area of Huanghuai.Besides,dwarfing gene could promote wheat to head out earlier,shorten and widen flag leaf,reduce greatly its angle,and increase sterile spikelet,spike,thousand-grain weight and grain weight per spike.Therefore,in the southern area of Huanghuai,Rht-D1b and Rht8 are the major dwarfing genes,and their wide utilization has improved the agronomic traits of wheat

关 键 词：小麦 矮秆基因 分子标记 农艺性状 种植密度 黄淮南部地区 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]