论罗马共和国时期祭司的法律职能  

A Study of the Legal Functions of the Priests in the Roman Republic

作　　者：程诺 Cheng Nuo(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》2021年第3期161-168,共8页Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：祭司作为罗马最早的法学家,其法律职能滥觞于祭司群体在宗教仪式中所发挥的权威作用,在“法是人事与神事的知识”的社会背景中,共和国早期祭司的法律具有明显的神法色彩,祭司以宗教职能为依托,掌握了绝对的法律解释权;共和国中期,平民争取到了进入原本由贵族垄断的祭司团的权利,诉讼与法律的资料得到彻底公开,祭司的法律职能产生世俗化的转变,从单纯地向民众解答法律变成公开向民众传授法律知识;在共和国晚期,祭司致力于法学理论的研究与法典的体系化工作,为罗马法体系的构建作出了不可磨灭的贡献。Priests,as the earliest jurists in Rome,their legal functions originated from the authority role played by priests in religious ceremonies.In the social background of "law is the knowledge of personnel and divine affairs",the law of priests in the early Republic of the Republic had obvious divine laws.Based on religious functions,priests have the absolute right to interpret laws;in the middle of the Republic,civilians won the right to enter the priesthood that was originally monopolized by the nobles,litigation and legal information were thoroughly disclosed,and the legal functions of priests were secularized.The transformation from simply answering the law to the public to publicly imparting legal knowledge to the public;in the late Republic,the priest devoted himself to the study of legal theory and the systematization of the code,and made an indelible contribution to the construction of the Roman legal system.

关 键 词：神法 宗教 世俗化 法律解释 法典体系化 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]