尊严死亡的权利分析与程序规制  

Right Analysis on and Procedural Regulation of Dignified Death

作　　者：沈德咏 刘静坤[2] SHEN Deyong

机构地区：[1]全国政协社会和法制委员会 [2]中国政法大学全面依法治国研究院 [3]中国政法大学

出　　处：《法学研究》2021年第3期3-18,共16页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：尊严死亡是颇具争议的现代社会现象,既牵涉发展演进中的死亡医学标准,也触及人格尊严和生命自决等法律议题。与自然死亡相比,尊严死亡是病人在病情无法救治并且遭受难以忍受的痛苦的情形下,迫不得已的生命抉择。尊严死亡的关切焦点不是死亡本身,而是生命安全和生命尊严。将生命权作为尊严死亡的权利基础,需要立足积极权利和消极权利的二元构造,构建包括生命安全权、生命自决权、临终医疗方式选择权、安宁疗护权和获得医生帮助权等在内的权利体系。为维护病人的生命权,避免尊严死亡滥用,降低医生面临的医疗法律风险,有必要基于病人最佳利益原则,确立适用对象限定规则、病人知情同意规则和正当医疗程序规则,推动完善临终医疗措施的准则和程序。In modern society,dignified death is a controversial social phenomenon that involves both the developing medical standards of death and such legal issues as personal dignity and life self-determination.Compared with natural death,dignified death can be seen as the last choice of the dying patients suffering from unbearable pain.The focus of dignified death is not the death itself,but the security and dignity of life.By recognizing the right to life as the basis of dignified death,a dual framework containing positive rights and negative rights can be established,which embraces a system of rights including the right to the security of life,the right to self-determination of life,the right to the choice of medical plans,the right to palliative care,and the right to the assistance of physicians.In order to protect the right to life of the patients’and prevent the abuse of dignified death as well as the legal risks faced by physicians,it is necessary to establish the relevant rules and procedures based on the rationale of the patient’s best interests,which include the rule of limiting the application to the specified patients,the rule of informed consent of the patients,and the due process of the medical procedure,so as to contribute to the refinement of the medical treatments of the dying patients.

关 键 词：尊严死亡 人格尊严 生命权 安乐死 生命伦理 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]