三段式凡纳滨对虾循环水养殖模式研究  

Study on the three-phase recirculating aquaculture model of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：杜以帅[1,3] 邱天龙 周利[1,3] 陈福迪[1,3] 徐建平[1,2] 李叶 孙建明 DU Yishuai;QIU Tianlong;ZHOU Li;CHEN Fudi;XU Jianping;LI Ye;SUN Jianming(Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Shandong,Qingdao 266071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shandong,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,海洋生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2021年第3期51-58,66,共9页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(工厂化养殖节能减排关键技术与装备研发2019YFD0900502,节能高效精准化水质调控装备研发2017YFD0701703);广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA17204094-3)。

摘　　要：在稳定的循环水养殖系统(RAS)条件下,开展了凡纳滨对虾三段式高密度养殖模式研究。本研究将凡纳滨对虾的整个养殖周期分为3个阶段:第一阶段为标粗养殖,放置120万尾凡纳滨对虾P5虾苗,养殖水体96.8 m^(3),养殖密度为1.24万尾/m^(3)水体,经过31 d的养殖,平均体质量为0.28 g/尾,单产为3.4 kg/m^(3);第二阶段为循环水养殖系统(RAS)中段养殖,养殖水体338 m^(3),养殖密度为3 447尾/m^(3),经过30 d的养殖,平均体质量为3.89 g/尾,单产为8.3 kg/m^(3);第三阶段为RAS养成阶段,养殖水体676 m^(3),养殖密度为1 062尾/m^(3),经过41 d的养殖,平均体质量为13.46 g/尾,单产为13.3 kg/m^(3)。RAS养殖期间养殖水体溶氧(DO)、总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO^(-)_(2)-N)和弧菌总数均控制在良好的范围,为养殖产量的提高提供了水质保障。总体上,凡纳滨对虾三段式养殖模式能充分利用循环水系统的负载和使用效率,减少了系统的运行成本。本研究为国内凡纳滨对虾的循环水养殖方式与管理提供了模式探索。The study on the three-phase high-density aquaculture mode of whiteleg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) was carried out using a mature recirculating aquaculture system (RAS).The whole rearing period of shrimp was divided into three phases in this study.The first phase was nursery phase:1.2 million postlarvae (PL 5) were reared in the culture water of 96.8 m^(3),with a breeding density of 12 400 individuals/m^(3);the average weight of the shrimp was 0.28 g and the aquaculture yield reached 3.4 kg/m^(3) after a rearing period of 31 days.The second phase was the middle phase using RAS:shrimps were reared in culture water of 338 m^(3),with a stocking density of 3 447 individuals/m^(3);the average weight of the shrimp was 3.89 g and the aquaculture yield reached 8.3 kg/m^(3) after a rearing period of 30 days.The third phase was the grow-out phase,in which shrimps with an average weight of 13.46 g were reared in 676 m^(3) of culture water at a density of 1 062 individuals/m^(3) and the yield reached an 13.3 kg/m^(3) after rearing 41 days.In RAS,the water quality indexes such as dissolved oxygen (DO),total ammonia nitrogen (TAN),nitrite nitrogen (NO^(-)_(2)-N) and the total number of vibrio were all controlled within a good range,which guaranteed an increase in aquaculture production.In general,the three-phase recirculating aquaculture model of L.vannamei can make full use of the load of the RAS,improve using efficiency and reduce the operating costs of the system.This research provides a new model for the management of RAS for L.vannamei .

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 循环水养殖 三段式 养殖模式 使用效率 

分 类 号：S967.9[农业科学—水产养殖]