非典型定语结构——台湾四县客家话“个”的名物化  

On the Non-Canonical Attributive Constructions:A Comparative Syntactic Study of Gerundive Ge 个 in Sixian Hakka Dialect in Taiwan Province

作　　者：钟叡逸 ZHONG Ruiyi

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海外教育学院,厦门

出　　处：《方言》2021年第2期160-172,共13页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉语及其方言论元结构制图法”(16CYY041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文探讨台湾四县客家话"个(的)"的名物化现象,对比表领属的定语与作为动名词短语的非典型定语,厘清非典型定语的内部句法结构和语义诠释,定位"个(的)"句法地位和恰切的语义解读。四县客家话的动名词短语受到有生性(animacy)影响,呈现主语、宾语不对称性,显示句法运作和词汇语义特征之间须相互搭配方可运作。"个(的)"在非典型动名词结构和典型定语结构,担任不同的句法功能,定语结构的"个"担任"叙述语",建立所有者和领有物之间的主述关系;动名词短语的"个"则为"联结语",投射出指示语以进行"述语反转"(Predicate Inverse),联结施事者和动作行为,完成名物化。This paper studies on the gerundive ge 个 in Sixian Hakka dialect in Taiwan province. It compares it as an attribute of possessive and a non-canonical attribute of gerundial phrase. It aims to the syntactic positions of ge 个 as well as their semantic associations. In terms of methodology, this paper adopts the movement approach to demonstrate the syntactic operations in gerundive phrase, and further proposes that the subject-object asymmetries of Hakka gerundive phrases are closely related to the morphological feature of ge 个-complement. Such morphological feature is crucial for the syntactic feature to be active then successfully trigger the V-to-Nom movement, building up the NomP. Moreover, the attributive-gerundive alternative of ge-phrase exemplifies a case of Predicate Inversion, resulting from the dual syntactic functions of ge, Relator and Linker. Ge in the attributive phrase serves as a Relator to establish the predication relationship between possessor and possessee, while ge represents a Linker, the opposite role of the Relator, to project a specifier position for Predicate Inversion, giving the gerundive interpretation. To recap, the comparative study provides an ideal testing ground for the syntactic-semantic correspondence between the gerundive and attributive phrases.

关 键 词：台湾四县客家话 非典型定语 名物化 述语反转 

分 类 号：H176[语言文字—汉语]