论背信罪的成立要件(2)  

On the Constitutive Elements of the Crime of Breach of Trust(Ⅱ)

作　　者：[日]桥爪隆[1] 王昭武(译) Hashizume Takashi

机构地区：[1]日本东京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 [2]云南大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2021年第2期153-167,共15页Law and Modernization

摘　　要：事务处理者出于牟利加害的目的,实施违背任务的行为,给本人造成财产上的损害的,成立背信罪。其中,“牟利加害的目的”只是从反面显示“不存在为本人谋求利益的动机”,无须属于积极的行为动机;“财产上的损害”是指从经济的角度而非仅仅从法律的角度评价本人的财产状况,因行为人的行为而使得本人的财产价值减少或者本应增加而未能增加。对于背信罪的共同正犯,无须从法律的角度进行特别限定,凡能认定成立共同正犯的,事实上就已经被限于当事人之间存在经济上的利害关系的共同性或者实施了积极的参与行为的情形。一般而言,根据究竟是以行为人自己还是以本人的名义或者出于本人的计算而处分财物,可以区分侵占罪与背信罪,但这种区分不具有排他性,以本人的名义或者出于本人的计算处分财物的,虽然也可以成立背信罪,但应优先适用侵占罪。If the transaction processor conducts an act that violates the purpose of the task in order to profit by causing damage to the property of the person(i.e.,the client),the crime of breach of trust is established.In this case,the "purpose of harmful profiting" only shows from the negative side that "there is no motive for seeking benefits for oneself",and does not need to be a positive behavior motive;"damage to the property" refers to the evaluation of the status of one’s own property from the economic point of view rather than a single legal point of view:the value of one’s own property has decreased due to the behavior of the actor,or it should have been increased but has failed to do so.As for the joint principal offenders of the crime of breach of trust,there is no need to make special restrictions from the legal perspective.Anything that can be determined to be a joint offence is in fact limited to the commonality of economic interests between the parties or the implementation of active participation.Generally speaking,the crime of embezzlement and the crime of breach of trust can be distinguished based on whether the perpetrator is to dispose of the property in his or her own name or calculation.However,this distinction is not exclusive,and the property shall be disposed of in the name or calculation of the person.Although the crime of breach of trust can also be established,the crime of embezzlement should be applied first.

关 键 词：背信罪 牟利加害的目的 财产上的损害 共同正犯 侵占罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]