氯硝柳胺悬浮剂自动注药滴渗灭螺技术研究与应用  

Development and application of an automatic molluscicide infusing and drip penetration device for Oncomelania hupensis snail control with niclosamide suspension

作　　者：马玉才[1] 吴洪初[2] 梁晓天 李川东 王福彪[1] 左引萍 唐恺 王建 杜广林[5] 王俭 高扬 羊海涛[2] 孙乐平[2] MA Yu-cai;WU Hong-chu;LIANG Xiao-tian;LI Chuan-dong;WANG Fu-biao;ZUO Yin-ping;TANG Kai;WANG Jian;DU Guang-lin;WANG Jian;GAO Yang;YANG Hai-tao;SUN Le-ping(Department of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention,Hanjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangzhou City,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225012,China;Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control,Ministry of Health,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Vector Biology of Parasites,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214064,China;Jiangsu Aijin Agricultural Chemical Co.,Ltd,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211800,China;Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225001,China;Leading Group Office of Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Endemic Diseases,People’s Government of Yangzhou City,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225001,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州市邗江区疾病预防控制中心血吸虫病预防控制科,江苏扬州225012 [2]国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病预防与控制技术重点实验室、江苏省寄生虫与媒介控制技术重点实验室、江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所,江苏无锡214064 [3]江苏艾津农化有限责任公司,江苏南京211800 [4]扬州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏扬州225001 [5]扬州市人民政府血地防领导小组办公室,江苏扬州225001

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2021年第3期369-373,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2009BAI78B00);江苏省科技项目(BL2014021);扬州市科技计划项目(YZ2017064)。

摘　　要：目的研究自动注药滴渗灭螺装置技术,为特殊环境钉螺控制提供灭螺新方法。方法利用滴灌技术,采用输水增压、连续注药方法,研发自动注药滴渗灭螺装置,评估该方法的灭螺效果及成本投入,采用Excel 2016软件进行数据汇总,用SPSS 16.0统计软件对钉螺死亡率、钉螺校正死亡率进行χ^(2)检验分析。结果自动注药滴渗灭螺装置包括增压输水、过滤净化、自动注药和滴渗管网4大系统,其中增压泵的额定功率为4 kW,过滤器耐受压力为800kPa,滴渗管单孔流量为2 L/h。滴渗管间距2、1 m组和喷洒对照组,施药7 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为67.08%、75.71%和66.22%,以滴渗管间距1 m组为最高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.809,P=0.012);施药15 d后,钉螺校正死亡率分别为75.15%、79.27%和78.34%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.369,P=0.504);施药30 d后,3组环境活螺密度下降率分别为80.78%、83.81%和80.63%。一套滴渗灭螺装置设备总投入为9 805元,其中移动设备和固定管网费用分别占68.33%和31.67%。以滴渗管网使用10年为限,每年灭螺管网设备费用消耗为0.16元/m2。结论自动注药滴渗灭螺技术是省工、高效、实用的灭螺方法,滴渗管网间距以1 m为宜。Objective To develop an automatic molluscicide infusing and drip penetration device for snail control with niclosamide suspension, and to provide a novel method for killing Oncomelania hupensis under special conditions.Methods The drip penetration technique, as well as water conveyance boosting and continuous molluscicide infusing,was used to develop an automatic molluscicide infusing and drip penetration device for snail control. The snail control effect and cost of this device were evaluated. Data were gathered by Excel 2016 software, and the Chi-square test was performed by SPSS 16.0 software to determine the mortality and adjusted mortality of O. hupensis. Results The automatic molluscicide infusing and drip penetration device for snail control consisted of four parts: boosting water conveyance, filtration purification, automatic molluscicide infusing, and drip penetration pipe network;the rated power of booster pump was 4 kW, the proof pressure of filter was 800 kPa, and the single-hole flow of drip penetration pipe was 0-2 L/h. In group A(2-meter space between two drip penetration pipes), group B(1-meter space between two drip penetration pipes), and group C(spraying control), the adjusted mortality rates of snails were 67.08%, 75.71%, and66.22%, respectively, after 7 days of molluscicide application, and there was a significant difference in the adjusted mortality between the three groups(χ^(2)=8.809, P=0.012);the adjusted mortality rates of snails were 75.15%, 79.27%, and78.34%, respectively, after 15 days of molluscicide application, and there was no significant difference in the adjusted mortality between the three groups(χ^(2)=1.369, P=0.504);the density of live snails decreased by 80.78%, 83.81%, and80.63%, respectively, after 30 days of molluscicide application. The total cost of an automatic molluscicide infusing and drip penetration device for snail control was 9 805 yuan, of which the mobile equipment accounted for 68.33%, and the fixed drip penetration pipe network accounted for 31.67%. If the

关 键 词：钉螺 氯硝柳胺悬浮剂 自动注药滴渗装置 滴渗灭螺技术 效果评价 

分 类 号：R184.38[医药卫生—流行病学]