水稻不同胞质不育系异交能力对氮肥调控的响应研究  

Response of Outcrossing Ability of Different Rice CMS Lines to Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation

作　　者：钟颖 刘蓉[1] 黄苗 宋翔 朱美霖 李纯华[1] 胡运高[1] ZHONG Ying;LIU Rong;HUANG Miao;SONG Xiang;ZHU Meilin;LI Chunhua;HU Yungao(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Mianyang Agricultural and Livestock Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]绵阳市农畜产品质量安全检验检测中心,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第5期1-9,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省“十四五”育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0028);四川省科技厅科技成果转移转化项目(2021NZZJ0024);四川省教育厅科研项目(18zb0615);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202010619084)。

摘　　要：不育系异交习性的差异影响杂交水稻制种产量,制种过程已成为制约三系杂交水稻推广的关键环节。不育系的异交习性受遗传和环境因素的多重影响。【目的】研究5种水稻不育胞质类型和肥料调控技术对杂交水稻不育系异交习性的影响,为提高繁殖、制种产量提供新的途径。【方法】选择野败型(W)、爪哇型(JW)、冈型(G)、K型(K)和印水型(YS)核质互作不育胞质构建同核异质不育系,研究不同氮肥调控处理不育系的异交习性和繁殖产量,探索胞质效应对不育系异交能力的影响效应及其肥料调控机制。【结果】各同核异质不育系繁殖产量的提高主要由有效穗数、千粒重和结实率的增加共同控制;JW型和W型胞质不育系在10 kg/667m^(2)氮肥施用条件下繁殖产量达到最高,分别达到259.20、244.04kg/667m^(2),GA、KA和YSA则需要18 kg/667m^(2)氮肥施用量其繁殖产量才可以达到250 kg/667m^(2),但又会存在病虫害高发的风险。【结论】胞质效应及其与氮肥的互作对不育系的主要农艺性状和异交习性均会产生显著影响,氮肥水平对不育系的农艺性状和繁殖产量的影响大于胞质效应,胞质效应主要影响不育系的柱头外露等异交习性。The yield of hybrid rice seed production is affected by the difference of outcrossing habits of Male sterile lines,and the process of seed production has become a key link restricting the promotion of three-line hybrid rice.【Objective】In order to provide a new way to improve the yield of reproduction and seed production,the effects of five types of male sterile cytoplasm and fertilizer regulation techniques on the outcrossing habits of male sterile lines in hybrid rice were studied.【Method】The nucleo-cytoplasmic interactive sterile cytoplasm of W-type,JW-type,G-type,K-type and YS-type were selected to construct isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines.The outcrossing habit and reproductive yield of CMS lines were studied under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments with a view to explore the influence of cytoplasmic effect on the outcrossing ability of male sterile lines and its fertilizer regulation me chanism.【Result】The increase of reproductive yield of each isonuclear-alloplasmic CMS line was mainly controlled by the increase of effective panicle number,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate.Under the condition of 10 kg/667m^(2) nitrogen fertilizer,the reproductive yield of JW and W CMS lines reached the highest,259.20 kg/667m^(2) and 244.04 kg/667m^(2),respectively;while the yield of GA,KA and YSA could reach 250 kg/667m^(2) with 18 kg/667m^(2) nitrogen fertilizer,but there was a high risk of diseases and pests.【Conclusion】Cytoplasmic effect and its interaction with nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on the main agronomic characters and outcrossing habits of CMS lines.The effect of nitrogen level on agronomic traits and reproductive yield of CMS lines was greater than that of cytoplasmic effect.Cytoplasmic effect mainly affected outcrossing habits of CMS lines such as stigma exposure.

关 键 词：水稻 同核异质不育系 繁殖 异交能力 氮肥水平 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]