1983-2019年安徽省夏大豆品种主要性状变化趋势分析  

Analysis on trends of main traits for summer soybean varieties released in Anhui from 1983 to 2019

作　　者：王大刚[1] 陈圣男 于国宜 李杰坤[1] 韩千笑 吴倩[1] 胡国玉[1] 黄志平[1] WANG Da-gang;CHEN Sheng-nan;YU Guo-yi;LI Jie-kun;HAN Qian-xiao;WU Qian;HU Guo-yu;HUANG Zhi-ping(Crop Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Anhui Province,Hefei 230031,China;Root Biology Center,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Anhui Longkang Farm of Land-Reclamation,Bengbu 233426 China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所/农作物品质改良安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]福建农林大学根系生物学研究中心,福建福州350002 [3]安徽农垦龙亢农场,安徽蚌埠233426

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2021年第3期510-517,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31571687);安徽省重点研发计划(202004a06020034);安徽省自然科学基金(1708085MC69);国家大豆产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-04-PS07);安徽省重大科技专项(18030701178)。

摘　　要：通过对105份安徽省1983-2019年培育的夏大豆品种进行分析,研究产量、品质和抗病性之间的相关性及变化趋势。结果显示,普通夏大豆品种有100份,占95.24%,杂交夏大豆有5份,占4.76%。大豆主要农艺性状中变异幅度最大的是有效分枝,全生育期和蛋白质脂肪总量变异幅度最小。相关性分析表明,产量与株高极显著负相关(r=-0.318),与百粒重极显著正相关(r=0.269)。蛋白含量与脂肪含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.586),与蛋脂总量呈极显著正相关(r=0.809)。百粒重、产量和脂肪含量随年份更替均呈极显著上升,年平均升高量分别为0.06 g、16.59 kg·hm^(-2)和0.02%;全生育期变化不大,株高、有效分枝、蛋白含量和蛋脂总量以年平均0.23 cm、0.03个、0.07%和0.05%呈极显著下降趋势。2007-2019年安徽省审定的64份大豆品种对SMV优势株系SC3和SC7抗性均达到高抗和抗病的分别有3和11份,占比分别为4.69%和17.19%,属于抗病型(高抗+抗病)和中间型(中抗+中感)的品种数分别为28和35份,占比为43.75%和54.69%。显著性分析发现对SMV具有抗病型和中间型的品种其平均产量和蛋脂总量差异不显著。综上可知,在进行高产育种的同时,协同改良品种的抗病性与品质是安徽省大豆持续发展的一个重要方向。To improve soybean varieties and develop the soybean industry in Anhui,the changing trends of yield,quality and resistance related traits for 105 soybean varieties released in Anhui Province from 1983 to 2019 and their intrinsic connections were analyzed.The results showed that there were 100 normal summer soybean varieties,accounting for 95.24%,and 5 hybrid soybean varieties,accounting for 4.76%.The variation range of effective branch number was the maximum in these main traits,while that of growth periods and total protein and fat content was the smallest.The correlation analysis showed that,yield had extremely significant negative relation with plant height(r=-0.318),had extremely significant positive relation with 100-seed weight(r=0.269);the protein content had extremely significant negative relation with fat content(r=-0.586)and had extremely significant positive relation with total protein and fat content(r=0.809);100-seed weight,yield and fat content significantly increased with average annual improvements of 0.06 g,16.59 kg·hm^(-2) and 0.02%,respectively.Meanwhile plant height,effective branch number,protein content and total protein and fat content was very significantly reduced by 0.23 cm,0.03,0.07%and 0.05%per year respectively.The annual average of growth periods remained stable from 1983 to 2019.Among 64 soybean varieties released in Anhui Province from 2007 to 2019,3(4.69%)and 11(17.19%)varieties were high resistant and resistant to both soybean mosaic virus strains SC3 and SC7,and 28(43.75%)and 35(54.69%)belonged to resistant type or intermediate type,including moderate resistance and moderate susceptibility,respectively.Significance analysis showed that there was no significant difference in average yield and total protein and fat content between the resistant and intermediate types of SMV.In summary,high-yield breeding,simultaneously improving the disease resistance and quality of varieties is an important direction for the sustainable development of soybeans in Anhui Province.

关 键 词：夏大豆 品种 产量 品质 抗性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]