任意旋转加窗希尔伯特变换的地震资料体边缘检测方法  

Volumetric edge detection of seismic data based on arbitrarily rotated windowed Hilbert transform

作　　者：徐赫 陈学华[1,2] 吕丙南 黎康毅 徐斌 XU He;CHEN Xuehua;LYU Bingnan;LI Kangyi;XU Bin(State Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;Key Lab of Earth Exploration&Information Techniques of Ministry of Education,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610059 [2]成都理工大学地球勘探与信息技术教育部重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2021年第3期536-542,I0010,I0011,共9页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“致密储层裂缝系统诱发地震异常的机理及其与储层产能的关系”(41874143)、“含流体弱能量暗点储层的地震识别机理与方法”(41574130)、“孔隙介质低频地震衰减与频散异常的识别机理及应用”(41374134);国家科技重大专项“多尺度碳酸盐岩裂缝储层结构的地震精细描述研究”(2016ZX05014-001-009)联合资助。

摘　　要：基于希尔伯特变换的边缘检测算法用于实际地震资料时,提取的往往是裂缝综合信息,信息繁杂且会弱化部分有效信息,难以分辨某一特定方向的数据特点,不利于分析裂缝走向。为此,提出了一种基于裂缝方向的体边缘检测方法,采用高斯窗对希尔伯特算子进行加窗处理,再通过方向检测模板将加窗算子以任意角度逆时针旋转,以此构建一种可以任意角度旋转的加窗希尔伯特变换边缘检测算子,可以提取任意特定方向的有效边缘信息。将该算法用于三维地震资料体边缘检测,不仅能提取地震资料在任意方向的不连续特征,还可突出局部异常信息,减少噪声影响,从而获得更精确的储层裂缝走向及分布信息。模型试算与实际资料处理结果表明:对于已知走向信息的大断裂或者某一区域内分布方向大致相同的裂缝系统,应选择与其走向或分布方向垂直的算子旋转角度提取边缘信息,从而加强走向和分布方向的不连续信息特征;对于复杂多变的裂缝系统,其包含各个方向的信息,此时应选择多个旋转角度提取边缘信息进行融合,以显示更丰富的有效信息,利于地震资料精细解释。The edge detection algorithm based on Hilbert transform usually extracts comprehensive fracture information from real seismic data.The information is very complicated and may weaken some effective information,making difficult to distinguish data characteristics in a particular direction,and unconducive to analyzing fracture orientation.This paper proposes a volumetric edge detection algorithm based on fracture directionality.It uses a Gaussian window to process the Hilbert operator,and then rotates the operator counterclockwise at any angle on a direction detecting template.An arbitrarily rotated windowed Hilbert transform(ARWHT)edge detection operator is constructed.It can extract effective edges in any specific direction.The algorithm is used for volumetric edge detection of 3 Dseismic data.It can not only extract discontinuous features in any direction of seismic data,but also highlight local abnormal information and reduce the influence of noises,so as to obtain a more accurate trend and distribution of reservoir fractures.Applications on model and raw data have proved that the algorithm has the following characteristics.For large faults with known strike or fracture systems with similar orientation,in order to strengthen the discontinuous information of the strike or orientation,the operator perpendicular to the strike or orientation should be selected.For complex fracture systems containing information in various directions,more angles should be selected to extract edge information for fusion,so as to display more effective information.This is conducive to fine seismic interpretation.

关 键 词：希尔伯特变换 三维地震资料 边缘检测算子 旋转 裂缝识别 体边缘检测 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]