厕所恶臭物质组分及检测分析技术的研究进展  

Research Progress on Compositions of Odorants from Latrine and its Detection and Analysis Technologies

作　　者：石德智[1] 马靖元 张涵博 王海林[1] 马彩灵 吕梦莹 童海航 罗丹[1] SHI Dezhi;MA Jingyuan;ZHANG Hanbo;WANG Hailin;MA Cailing;LYU Mengying;TONG Haihang;LUO Dan(Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,College of Environment and Ecology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学环境与生态学院三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2021年第3期44-51,57,共9页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018FYD1100501)。

摘　　要：系统地介绍了目前国外各种类型厕所中恶臭物质组分特征的研究现状,归纳为挥发性脂肪酸、含氮类化合物、含硫类化合物3类恶臭物质,其中挥发性脂肪酸为乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸等碳链为1~6的有机脂肪酸,含氮类化合物以氨、三甲胺、吲哚类为主,含硫类化合物以硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚为主,且恶臭物质组分受厕所类型、使用状况等影响很大。在总结环境空气中恶臭组分标准检测方法的基础上,介绍了针对人居厕所恶臭的气相色谱-质谱法、离子色谱法、光谱法、分子发光分析法、电化学法、半导体传感器法等检测分析技术的研究进展,并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。The research status on compositions characteristics of odor substances in various types of latrine abroad was introduced systematically.It could be summarized into three categories of odorous substances:the volatile fatty acids,nitrogen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds.The volatile fatty acids were organic fatty acids with 1-6 carbon chains,such as acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,isobutyric acid and valeric acid.The nitrogen-containing compounds mainly include ammonia,trimethylamine and indoles.The main sulfur-containing compounds comprise hydrogen sulfide,methylmercaptan and methylsulfide.And the composition of odor substance was greatly affected by the type and use condition of latrine.Based on the standard detection methods for analysis of odor components in environment air,the research progress of gas chromatography mass spectrometry,ion chromatography,spectroscopy,molecular luminescence analysis method,electrochemical method and semiconductor transducer method for the detection and analysis technologies of the odor in human living latrine were introduced.And the future research trend was proposed.

关 键 词：恶臭物质 厕所 组分分析 检测技术 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程]