抚仙湖近60年来沉水植物群落变化趋势分析  

Changes of submerged macrophytes community in Lake Fuxian since 1960s

作　　者：高弋明 殷春雨 刘霞[1] 赵钰 陈非洲[1,2] 陈新芳 关保华[1,2] Gao Yiming;Yin Chunyu;Liu Xia;Zhao Yu;Chen Feizhou;Chen Xinfang;Guan Baohua(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research(SDC),University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Hydrology and Water Resources College,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,P.R.China;Wuhan Planning and Design Co.,LTD.,Wuhan 430000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学中国丹麦科教中心,北京100049 [3]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [4]武汉市规划设计有限公司,武汉430000

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2021年第4期1209-1219,共11页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31930074);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所自主部署项目(NIGLAS2016QY04)联合资助.

摘　　要：自1960s以来,抚仙湖沿岸带沉水植物群落发展迅速,而监测频率相对不足.为了解抚仙湖沉水植物群落现状及过去60年内的变化趋势,于2016年7月,对抚仙湖全湖沉水植物进行调查,并结合以往多次调查数据进行趋势分析.本次调查设置了36条样带共41个样点.在实测数据验证后,使用卫星多光谱相机数据基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)计算全湖沉水植物分布面积.此外,计算了物种在沿岸带植被区的平均生物量、优势度和群落多样性指数.结果表明:抚仙湖沉水植物2016年夏季分布面积为5.14 km^(2),平均生物量(鲜重)密度为9.8 kg/m^(2),最高48.7 kg/m^(2),全湖总现存量(鲜重)5.02×10^(4) t;共采集到沉水植物13种(类),隶属于5科6属.其中,生物量最高的物种是金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum),其次是黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum);出现频度最高的物种是穗花狐尾藻,其次是苦草(Vallisneria natans)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus);物种优势度最大的物种是穗花狐尾藻,其次是金鱼藻和黑藻;抚仙湖各样点沉水植物香农-威纳多样性指数介于0.05-1.28之间,全湖平均值为0.75;除轮藻类外,沉水植物群丛的冠层在1.5-4 m之间,其中金鱼藻群丛冠层最高.丝状附着藻大量出现,附着在高大的沉水植物冠层上的生物量远远多于附着在基质上的;丝状附着藻主要附着在群落上层沉水植物100 cm以内的植冠上.在过去的60年来,抚仙湖沉水植物分布面积、全湖总生物量和物种丰富度呈增加的趋势;低矮的草甸型物种如轮藻类、苦草等优势度下降,高大的冠层型沉水植物如穗花狐尾藻、金鱼藻等成为优势种;外来物种伊乐藻在最近几年出现并成为次优势种;丝状附着藻生物量增加.以上结果表明,目前抚仙湖沉水植物群落处于生物量、分布面积和多样性最高的阶段,是维持和保护的关键时期.但相比于国外类似湖泊,�The submerged macrophyte communities have developed rapidly in the littoral zone of Lake Fuxian since 1960s,however,the monitoring frequency is relatively insufficient.To understand the distribution status and community changes of submerged macrophytes in Lake Fuxian during the past 60 years,we investigated and sampled the whole-lake submerged macrophytes and epiphytic filamentous algae from 41 sample sites in July 2016.The distribution of submerged macrophytes in the whole lake was determined by CBERS 04-based normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)of August 18,2016.In addition,the average biomass density,dominance index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the coastal vegetation area were calculated.The results showed that the distribution area of submerged macrophytes in the summer of 2016 was 5.14 km^(2).The average biomass(fresh weight)density was 9.8 kg/m^(2),and the highest value was 48.7 kg/m^(2).The total biomass(fresh weight)of the submerged macrophytes in the whole littoral zone was 5.02×10^(4) t.Totally 13 species of submerged macrophytes were collected,belonging to 5 families and 6 genera.Among the species,Ceratophyllum demersum had the highest biomass density,followed by Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum spicatum.The species with the highest frequency of occurrence were M.spicatum,followed by Vallisneria natans and Potamogeton pectinatus.In addition,the species with the greatest dominance were M.spicatum,followed by C.demersum and H.verticillata.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of submerged macrophytes in Lake Fuxian was between 0.05 and 1.28,having an average value of 0.75.Except for charophytes,the canopy of higher plant groups ranged from 1.5 m to 4 m,with the highest canopy of C.demersum.The biomass of epiphytic filamentous algae attached to the canopy of submerged macrophytes was much higher than that attached to the substrates,and filamentous algae mainly attached to the canopy of submerged plants within 100 cm along apical height.The historical data showed that the distribut

关 键 词：贫营养深水湖泊 沉水植物 群落结构 外来物种 丝状附着藻 抚仙湖 归一化植被指数NDVI 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]