西藏林周县杰拉康帕拉风格石雕造像与碑刻的调查研究  

The Sculptures in Pāla Style and the Steles from Rgyal Lha khang in Central Tibet

作　　者：夏吾卡先[1] Shawo Khacham(Center for Tibetan Studies,Tibet University)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学中国藏学研究所(珠峰研究院)

出　　处：《藏学学刊》2020年第1期81-99,353,354,共21页Journal of Tibetology

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金考古学一般项目“公元7-12世纪西喜马拉雅地区涉藏文物遗存的考古学研究”(18BKG032);2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“新疆境内丝路南道上吐蕃遗存的调查整理与研究”(18YJC780003)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：拉康位于拉萨市北部约80公里处的林周县春堆乡拉岗村,1012年由尚那囊·多吉旺秋(■976-1060年)创建。自上世纪80年代至2017年底,陆续在强康大殿的废墟中发现了几件具有明显帕拉艺术风格的石雕造像以及几件碑刻。印度学者罗睺罗(1893-1963年)曾经专访杰拉康寺,断言该寺是唯一一座保存有印度石雕像的寺院。作者对这些石刻进行了实地调查,结合石刻造像的风格、石碑题记和相关藏文文献史料进行了综合研究。寺院的创建者多杰旺秋曾去过印度菩提伽耶,求学于多吉丹巴,很有可能当时他邀请了印度的匠人到西藏进行雕像创作或派遣藏人到印度学习雕像技艺。这些石刻的年代为公元11世纪中后期,造像风格受到东印度帕拉王朝的影响。The Rgyal Lha khang, located in Lagang Village, western part of Phanpo County in Central Tibet, about 80 km away from Lhasa, was founded in 1012 by Zhang Sna nam Rdo rje dbang phyug(976-1060). From the 1980 s to the end of 2017, four remarkable relief Pāla-style stone sculptures were unearthed from the ruins of the former Maitreya chapel. Rahul Sankrityayan(1893-1963), an Indian scholar who visited this place in his early years asserted this is the only one temple that collected Indian sculptures. Based on field work, this paper combines the newly-found stele inscriptions and what can be learned from the relevant literary sources. The founder of the temple had been to Bodhgayā in his early years and studied with a Diamond throne holder. It is quite possible that Zhang Sna nam invited some Indian craftsmen to Tibet or sent Tibetan craftsmen to India to learn the skills of stone sculptures carving. The date of these sculptures can be dated back to the middle eleventh century. The style of the sculptures was influenced by the eastern Indian Pāla style.

关 键 词：石刻造像 杰拉康 多吉 藏文文献 菩提伽耶 帕拉 东印度 林周县 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K877.4[历史地理—历史学]