《民法典》视域下经营性体育场所伤害事故的法律责任问题研究  

A Study on Legal Liability of Injury Accidents Caused by Operating Stadiums from the Perspective of Civil Code

作　　者：于田生 汤卫东[1] YU Tiansheng;TANG Weidong(School of Sports Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育科学学院,南京210046

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2021年第4期35-41,共7页Journal of Hebei Sport University

摘　　要：以《中华人民共和国民法典》为依据,界定经营性体育场所伤害事故的范围,分析法律适用,探讨其侵权责任的构成要件,将经营性体育场所伤害事故按致害原因分为场地器材生产销售缺陷致害、场所经营者过错致害、受害人过错致害、第三人过错致害、体育自身固有风险致害及混合因素致害。其中,场所经营者过错致害适用过错责任与过错推定,场所经营者应以“比处理自己事务更高的注意程度”为注意标准;场地器材生产销售缺陷致害适用无过错责任,第三人致害适用过错责任,这两种侵权类型可与场所经营者形成不真正连带责任和补充责任,且场所经营者应通过监控帮助证人举证。建议建立相互监督制度,提高安全意识;实现场所全方位监控,硬件与软件紧密结合;逐步实现保险强制,充分发挥责任险作用;重视事后紧急处理机制,科学制定紧急预案。Based on the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,this paper defines the scope of injury accidents caused by operating stadiums,analyzes the application of law and probes into the constituent elements of tort liability.According to the causes,the injury accidents caused by operating stadiums can be divided into defects in the production and sales of venues and equipment,the fault of venue operators,the fault of victims,the fault of the third party,the fault of the third party,and the inherent risks and mixed factors of sports.The fault liability and fault presumption are applicable to the damage caused by the fault of site operators who should pay“more attention than handling his own affairs”as the standard.No fault liability is applicable to the damage caused by the production and sales defects of site equipment,and fault liability is applicable to the damage caused by the third party.These two types of infringement can form unreal joint liability and supplementary liability with the place operator who should help the witness to provide evidence by monitoring.It is suggested to establish mutual supervision system and improve safety awareness;Realize the full range monitoring of the site,and combine hardware and software closely;Realize the compulsory insurance gradually and give full play to the role of liability insurance;Attach importance to the mechanism of emergency treatment after the event and formulate the emergency plan scientifically.

关 键 词：经营性体育场所 体育伤害事故 法律责任 体育法 体育风险 民法典 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]