森林放牧对林下灌草层片的影响  

The impacts of forest grazing on forest shrub-herbaceous layer

作　　者：赛九玛 王乐[2] 魏京京 杨艳 杨丽萌 牟溥[2] SAI Jiu-ma;WANG Le;WEI Jing-jing;YANG Yan;YANG Li-meng;MOU Pu(Aba Teachers University,Aba Prefecture 623002,China;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Hebei Zhengding High School,Shijiazhuang 050800,China;Wuhu Tianjiabing Experimental High School,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]阿坝师范学院,四川阿坝州623002 [2]北京师范大学,北京100875 [3]河北正定中学,河北石家庄050800 [4]芜湖市田家炳实验中学,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《环境生态学》2021年第6期30-35,共6页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270567,31200410,31210103911,31470566);阿坝师范学院校级专项项目(ASZ19-01)资助。

摘　　要：野生东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)和东北豹(Panthera pardus orientalis)是中国东北和俄罗斯远东地区森林生态系统食物链的顶级物种,是森林生态系统健康、生态系统良好结构的指示物种。林下灌草层片是东北虎、东北豹所食猎物的主要生境和食物来源。因此调查中国吉林珲春地区次生林、林下灌草层生物量,对蒙古栎重要值大于50%的162条样线和646个1 m 2样方进行分析。野外调查将样方的放牧强度分为对照组、轻度放牧组和放牧组,样方内的植物分为灌木/树叶、禾草/莎草、其他禾草和蕨类4个类别。以放牧强度为自变量,以4种植物类别的生物量为响应变量,进行嵌套多元方差分析。结果表明,森林放牧显著减少林下灌木层植物的生物量。从食物链的角度出发,为维持生态系统结构平衡和野生动植物种群健康,建议科学放牧,降低放牧强度和密度。Wild Siberian tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)and Siberian leopards(Panthera pardus orientalis)are currently distributed in the forest areas of Northeast China and the Far East of Russia.They are the top of the food chain of forest ecosystems.They have a good effect on the health of the forest and the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem.Indicating role.The understory shrubs and grasses are the main habitats for Siberian tigers,leopards and their prey.We investigated the secondary forest and understory shrub-grass layer in the Hunchun area of Jilin,China,and investigated the biomass of the canopy arbor and shrub-grass layer respectively.This research report analyzes 162 transects and 6461 m 2 squares with the important value of Quercus mongolica greater than 50%.In the field survey,the grazing intensity of the plot was divided into the control group,the light grazing group and the grazing group.The plants in the plot were divided into four categories:shrubs/leaves,grasses/sedges,other grasses and ferns.The grazing intensity was used as the independent variable,and the biomass of the four plant categories was used as the response variable,and a nested multivariate analysis of variance was performed.The results showed that forest grazing significantly reduced the biomass of understory shrub plants.From the perspective of the food chain,in order to maintain the structural balance of the ecosystem and the health of wild animal and plant populations,scientific grazing is recommended to reduce the intensity and density of grazing.

关 键 词：森林放牧 蒙古栎林 灌草层片 生物量 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]