2017—2019年辽宁省农村环境卫生监测结果分析  

Analysis on monitoring results of rural environmental sanitation in Liaoning Province from 2017-2019

作　　者：王舒 李继芳[1] 崔仲明[1] WANG Shu;LI Ji-fang;CUI Zhong-ming(Institute for Environmental Health,Liaoming Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang Liaoning,110005,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第9期1233-1237,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解辽宁省农村地区环境卫生现状,通过分析监测数据为环境卫生综合整治提供参考。方法 2017—2019年共监测960个村、4 800户、960份土壤样品,每年7—8月统一开展资料收集、现场调查和土壤样品采集检测工作。结果 2017—2019年监测村3年共有1 202 072人使用集中式供水,占63.83%,且比例逐年提高(P<0.05),184 521户使用卫生厕所,占33.01%,且比例逐年降低(P<0.05);558个监测村的生活垃圾收集方式为定点堆放(58.13%),661个监测村的垃圾处理方式为填埋(68.85%);584个监测村污水排放方式为随意排放(60.83%),538个监测村排放地点为坑塘(56.04%)。675个监测户饮水习惯为喝生水,占14.06%,且比例逐年降低(P<0.05);3 744个监测户能做到饭前便后均洗手,占81.38%;对农膜废弃物的处理更规范,焚烧和随意丢弃在田间地头的有754户(66.78%),且比例逐年下降(P<0.05);3 367个监测户家里主要使用燃料为非清洁能源(柴和煤),占76.40%,且比例逐年下降(P<0.05)。533个监测村开展"灭鼠"活动,比例最高(55.52%);1 742个(36.29%)家庭周围(30 m范围内)有积水容器,492户(10.25%)发现蚊虫;土壤中蛔虫卵及活卵共检出257和122份,检出率分别为26.77%和12.71%,铅、镉、铬超出农用地土壤污染风险筛选值的分别为27、152和10份,比例为2.81%、15.83%和1.04%。结论农村地区环境卫生亟待提高,应进一步完善改水改厕、垃圾污水处理等基础设施建设,规范居民健康生活和劳动习惯,加强病媒防制力度。Objective To understand the current status of environmental sanitation in rural areas of Liaoning Province,provide reference directions for comprehensive environmental sanitation improvement by analyzing monitoring data. Methods A total of960 villages,4 800 households,and 960 soil samples were monitored from 2017-2019. Data collection,on-site investigation,and soil sample collection and testing were carried out from July to August every year. Results From 2017-2019,a total of 1 202 072 people in the monitored villages used centralized water supply in three years,accounting for 63.83%,and the proportion increased year by year(P<0.05). 184 521 households used sanitary toilets,accounting for 33.01%,and the proportion decreased year by year(P<0.05). 558 monitored villages used fixed-point stacking(58.13%) for domestic waste collection,and 661 monitored villages used landfill(68.85%) for waste disposal. 584 monitored villages randomly discharged the sewage,and the discharge sites of 538 monitored villages were pit ponds(56.04%). The drinking habit of 675 monitoring households was drinking raw water,accounting for 14.06%,and the proportion was decreasing year by year(P<0.05). 3 744 monitoring households can wash their hands before and after meals,accounting for 81.38%. The treatment of agricultural film waste was standardized,there were 754 households(66.78%) burned or randomly discarded in the fields,and the proportion was declining year by year(P<0.05). 3 367 monitored households mainly used non-clean energy(firewood and coal) as fuels,accounting for 76.40%,and the proportion decreased year by year(P<0.05). 533 monitored villages carried out "killing rodents" activities,with the highest proportion(55.52%). 1 742(36.29%) households had water containers around them(within 30 m),and mosquitoes were found in 492 households(10.25%). There were 257 and 122 samples of roundworm eggs and live eggs in the soil,and the detection rates was 26.77%and 12.71%,respectively. There were 27,152 and 10 samples with lead,cadmium and chr

关 键 词：农村 环境卫生 监测结果 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]