2014—2018年新疆饮水型地方性砷中毒监测结果  

Monitoring results of drinking-water endemic arsenic in Xinjiang from 2014-2018

作　　者：张明华 夏荣香[2] 张玲[2] 郑玉建[1] ZHANG Ming-hua;XIA Rong-xiang;ZHANG Ling;ZHENG Yu-jian(School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University.Urumqi Xinjiang,830011,China;Center for Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Aulonomous Region,Urumqi Xinjiang,830002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心环境健康与地方病防治所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第9期1238-1240,1246,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81560520)。

摘　　要：目的了解新疆饮水型砷中毒病区降砷改水工程的运转状况,评价防治效果,为地方性砷中毒的科学防治提供依据。方法 2014—2018年,根据《饮水型地方性砷中毒监测方案》的规定,以新疆维吾尔自治区2个县/市6个自然村为监测对象,对饮用水砷含量、砷中毒病情和尿砷水平进行监测。结果 3个改水工程中有1个是小型改水工程,2个是大型改水工程。2014年和2015年改水工程水砷含量超标;2016—2018年,乌苏市1个小型集中改水工程水砷含量合格,其余2个大型改水工程的含砷量均达到超标水平(>0.01 mg/L)。2014—2018年,6个改水监测村5年砷中毒患者检出率分别为0.40%、0.46%、0.47%、0.27%、0.19%,不同年份检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。检出的砷中毒病例以轻度为主,无重度病例,无新发砷中毒病例,也未检出皮肤癌病例。2014—2017年,男女检出率之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2018年,男性检出率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。地方性砷中毒的检出率随年龄的增长而逐年上升,≥40岁人群地方性砷中毒的检出率上升幅度较大。结论新疆饮水型地方性砷中毒病区的改水成效显著,但仍有超标水砷的问题存在,需要加强改水工程的管理、维护,同时监测和防治工作不能松懈。Objective To dynamically observe the operation status of arsenic reduction and water improvement project in drinkingwater type arsenism areas in Xinjiang,evaluate the prevention and control effect,and provide a basis for scientific prevention and treatment of endemic arsenism. Methods From 2014-2018,according to the provisions of the Drinking-water endemic arsenism surveillance program,six natural villages in two counties/cities in the region were selected as the objects,to monitor arsenic content in drinking water,condition of arsenism and urine arsenic level. Results Among the three water improvement projects,one was a small water improvement project and two was large water improvement project. In 2014 and 2015,the water arsenic content of the water improvement projects exceeded the standard. From 2016-2018,the water arsenic content in a small centralized water improvement project in Wusu City was qualified,and the arsenic content of the other two large-scale water improvement projects reached the exceeding level(>0.01 mg/L). From 2014-2018,the annual detection rate of arsenic poisoning patients in the six water-improving monitoring villages was respectively 0.40%,0.46%,0.47%,0.27% and 0.19%,and the difference in annual detection rate was statistically significant(P<0.05). The detected cases of arsenic poisoning were mainly mild,and there were no severe cases,no new cases of arsenic poisoning,and no skin cancer cases. From 2014-2017,the difference in detection rate was not statistically significant between men and women(P>0.05). In 2018,the detection rate of men was higher than that of women,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The detection rate of endemic arsenic disease increased with the age,and the detection rate among people ≥40 years old has increased greatly. Conclusion The effect of water improvement in drinkingwater endemic arsenism areas in Xinjiang is remarkable,but there is still the problem of excessive arsenic in water. It is necessary to strengthen the management and maint

关 键 词：地方性砷中毒 饮水 改水工程 监测 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]