煤粉锅炉粉仓爆炸的原因分析及防治措施研究  

Research on the reasons and control measures for explosion of coal bunker

作　　者：马洪洲 MA Hongzhou(China Coal Technology Engineering Group Clean Energy Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工清洁能源股份有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《煤质技术》2021年第3期60-63,共4页Coal Quality Technology

基　　金：中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项资助项目(2018-2-QN022)。

摘　　要：对前人关于煤粉仓发生爆炸的原因、预防措施及处理方法进行了系统分析和归纳整理,可为解决煤粉锅炉配套粉仓爆炸的问题提供有效的理论支撑。从煤的挥发分、煤粉粒径、煤粉仓内气氛及温度等方面对粉仓爆炸主要原因进行分析,并剖析研究煤粉仓爆炸的预防措施。经研究发现:煤粉仓内煤粉的挥发分含量越高、煤粉颗粒的粒径越小、煤粉仓内的煤粉浓度、氧气含量和温度越高,煤粉仓内发生爆炸事故的可能性越大,爆炸后的破坏力也越大;预防煤粉仓爆炸的有效措施涵括严格把控燃料质量、避免使用不适宜的煤种、优化设计煤粉仓的内部构造、维持煤粉落料时的整体流状态、设置合理的泄压防爆门与惰化剂和冷却剂喷入装置、制定严格的运行管理规程并对煤粉仓内料位、温度、压力、湿度等数据进行实时监控,从而大幅降低煤粉仓爆炸的可能性和粉仓爆炸的危害程度。This paper systematically analyzed and summarized the causes,preventive measures and treatment methods of the explosion of pulverized coal bunker,which could provide effective theoretical support for solving the problem of explosion of pulverized coal bunker.The main reasons for explosion of coal bunker were analyzed from the aspects such as coal volatile matter,coal particle size,atmosphere and temperature in coal bunker,the preventive measures for the explosion of coal bunker were researched as well.It can be concluded that higher volatile matter,smaller particle size,higher concentration of pulverized coal and oxygen content and higher temperature in coal bunker will make the explosion more easily and more destructive.The effective measures to prevent the explosion of pulverized coal bunker include aspects such as strictly controlling the quality of fuel,avoiding the use of unsuitable coal,optimizing the design of the internal structure of pulverized coal bunker,maintaining the overall flow state of pulverized coal during blanking,setting reasonable pressure relief explosion-proof door and inert agent and coolant injection device,formulating strict operation management procedures,and real time monitoring of material level,temperature,pressure,humidity and other data in coal bunker.Therefore,the possibility of coal bunker explosion and the damage degree of coal bunker explosion can be greatly reduced.

关 键 词：煤粉锅炉 粉仓爆炸 防治措施 煤粉粒径 煤粉仓内气氛 煤粉浓度 泄压防爆门 

分 类 号：TM621.2[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]