群体共同经历影响不公平感知  

Effect of group membership on unfairness perception under coexperience conditions

作　　者：吕飒飒 孙欣 沈林林 武雨晴 赵纾 王霏[3] 汪祚军[1] LV Sasa;SUN Xin;SHEN Linlin;WU Yuqing;ZHAO Shu;WANG Fei;WANG Zuojun(Department and Institute of Psychology,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Baoji Gaoxin No.5 Primary School,Baoji 721000,China;Department of Advertising,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系,浙江宁波315211 [2]宝鸡高新第五小学,陕西宝鸡721000 [3]厦门大学广告系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《心理学报》2021年第7期773-787,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY17C090001);宁波大学王宽诚基金资助。

摘　　要：以往研究考察了不公平经历如何影响个体的认知、情绪及行为。然而,这些研究着重于考察个体“独自经历”不公平的现象,而尚未有研究考察,当个体与他人以群体身份共同经历不公平时,不公平经历对个体的影响。3项实验采用改编的三人最后通牒博弈任务考察“群体共同经历”不公平如何影响个体的不公平感知。研究结果表明,无论是通过“共同命运”(实验1)、轮流为群体做决策(实验2),还是招募成对朋友(实验3)来操纵或凸显群体身份,群体共同经历不公平,相比独自经历不公平,均显著降低(而非提升)了被试的不公平感知。研究结果对于社会及组织管理具有借鉴意义。A large body of research examined the effect of experiencing unfairness on an individual’s unfairness perception.However,the literature primarily focuses on experiencing unfairness at the individual level.A dearth of research investigating the effect of coexperiencing unfairness with others exists.The present study examined the effect of coexperiencing unfairness with another group member on unfairness perception.Three experiments were designed to test two competing hypotheses.The first hypothesis derived from the“reference change”view,which posited that coexperiencing unfairness with other group members would decrease unfairness perception.The second hypothesis derived from group membership research,which posited that coexperiencing unfairness with other group members would increase unfairness perception.In Experiment 1,the participants were assigned to one of three conditions,that is,the experiencing unfairness alone condition(the“alone condition”),coexperiencing unfairness with another individual condition(the“individual coexperience condition”),and the coexperiencing unfairness with another group member condition(the“group coexperience condition”).In the alone condition,the participant acting as the responder was allocated a small amount of money(e.g.,RMB 2 out of RMB 10)by the proposer in a two-person ultimatum game.The participant was instructed to decide whether to accept or reject the allocation for her/himself.One proposer and two responders were involved in the two coexperience conditions,in which the two responders were allocated a small amount of money(e.g.,each responder received RMB 2 out of RMB 12)by the proposer in a three-person ultimatum game.In other words,the two responders coexperienced unfairness.In contrast to the individual coexperience condition,in which the participants were told to make a decision for themselves,the participants in the group coexperience condition were informed that the two responders formed a group and thus needed to make a decision(i.e.,to accept or

关 键 词：群体身份 共同经历 不公平感知 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C912.6[哲学宗教—心理学]