2015-2019年海口市学校及托幼机构传染病流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools and childcare institutions in Haikou city from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：陈琴[1] 王明昌[1] 曾小平[1] CHEN Qin;WANG Ming-chang;ZENG Xiao-ping(Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海口市疾病预防控制中心,海南海口571100

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第12期2214-2217,2225,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2015—2019年海口市学校及托幼机构传染病流行病学特征,为制定传染病防控策略提供参考。方法应用国家传染病监测网络,收集2015—2019年海口市学校及托幼机构传染病监测数据进行描述性统计分析。结果2015—2019年间,海口市学校及托幼机构共发生法定传染病19种、其他类传染病9种,共35492例,发病率由2015年的656.69/10万上升到2019年的1881.57/10万,发病前五位的病种为手足口病、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、水痘和其他感染性腹泻,每年均会出现明显的2次发病高峰,分别在4—7月和9—11月,男女性别比为1.56∶1,城区年均发病率为638.49/10万,高于乡镇的144.97/10万;85.29%的突发公共卫生事件发生在城区学校及托幼机构。结论海口市学生及幼托儿童传染病发病率呈现上升趋势,应重点关注手足口病、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、水痘等常见传染病的防控,采取针对性的防控措施,以有效控制传染病在学校或托幼机构中发生传播流行。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in schools and childcare institutions in Haikou from 2015 to 2019,and provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies of infectious diseases.Methods Using the National Infectious Disease Surveillance Network,the infectious disease surveillance data of schools and childcare institutions in Haikou from 2015 to 2019 were collected for descriptive statistical analysis.Results During 2015 and 2019,there were 19 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases and nine kinds of other infectious diseases in schools and childcare institutions in Haikou,with 35492 cases in total.In addition,the incidence rate had increased from 656.69/100000 in 2015 to 1881.57/100000 in 2019.The top five diseases included hand-foot-and-mouth disease,influenza,mumps,chicken pox and other infectious diarrhea.There would be two obvious peak period of disease every year,namely April-July and September-November.The sex ratio between males and females was 1.56:1,and the average annual incidence rate in urban areas reached 638.49/100000,which was higher than that in rural areas.A total of 85.29%of public health emergencies occurred in urban schools and childcare institutions.Conclusion The incidence of infectious diseases among students and children in childcare institutions in Haikou city is on the rise.Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of common infectious diseases such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease,influenza,mumps,and chicken pox,and the targeted prevention and control measures should be taken so as to effectively control the spread of infectious diseases in schools or childcare institutions.

关 键 词：学校 托幼机构 传染病 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R725.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]