数字时代,谁是记者:一种分层理解的框架  

Who is a Journalist in the Digital Age:A Hierarchical Framework to Define Journalist

作　　者：徐笛[1] Xu Di(School of Journalism,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学新闻学院,上海200433

出　　处：《新闻界》2021年第6期13-20,共8页Journalism and Mass Communication

基　　金：上海市哲学与社会科学基金项目(WBH3353016)。

摘　　要：在数字时代,记者的职业边界日益模糊。本文对数字技术条件下的记者职业身份展开探讨。本文首先提出,界定谁是记者是事关重要的议题,它涉及到新闻业如何分配优先、优待等权利,也事关大众将真实裁定的权力赋予谁。随后,文章阐释了界定记者的三种传统路径:职业路径、地位路径和平等路径。其中前两者将记者看作是既定的工作头衔,无论是职业特征还是雇佣状态都是静态的;而平等路径尽管提供了更包容的解决方案,但又可能得出过于宽泛的界定。本文进而提出,一个标准单一的、确定的记者定义是难以企及的,可以借鉴科学的社会学研究的第三波理论研究对专家知识体系的解读方法,以一种分层理解的框架来界定记者。在这个层级中,最高层是专业记者,接下来是业余记者,最底层是信息传播者。不同层级传播者对信息秩序的贡献和作用也各不相同。The boundary between journalist and non-journalist is increasingly blurred.This study focuses on how to define journalist in the digital age.First,the paper explains why does it matter.It concerns to whom should we give priority in certain circumstances and whom we can trust as truth arbitrator.Subsequently,the study explains three traditional models that clarify a journalist:career model,status model,and egalitarian model.The former two view journalist as established job title,which is a static given enabled through professional characteristics and employment status;the egalitarian model provides a more inclusive solution,but may arrive at a broad conclusion.This study argues that a standard and definite definition is difficult to achieve.Drawing on the expert knowledge system elaborated from the third wave of scientific sociology,we propose a hierarchical framework to define journalist.In this framework,we approach journalist from three levels with professional journalist being at the top level,amateur producer coming next,and information disseminator being at the bottom.It is also suggested that the three level players contribute to the information order with relation to their hierarchical level.

关 键 词：记者 职业 专业记者 业余记者 信息传递者 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]