疫苗的发展与创新:从天花疫苗到新型冠状病毒疫苗  

Development and Innovation of Vaccine:From Smallpox Vaccine to COVID-19 Vaccine

作　　者：许丽丽 陈艳[1,2] 陈征宇 葛卫红 江程[4] 张险峰[5] XU Lili;CHEN Yan;CHEN Zhengyu;GE Weihong;JIANG Cheng;ZHANG Xianfeng(Department of Pharmacy,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,the Affiliated Hosipital of Nanjing University Medical School,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China;International Pharmaceutical Federation,The Hague 999025,Netherlands;School of Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China;Hubei Provincial Center for Disease and Prevention,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院药学部,南京210008 [2]中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院,南京210009 [3]国际药学联合会,荷兰海牙999025 [4]中国药科大学药学院,南京210009 [5]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《医药导报》2021年第7期876-881,共6页Herald of Medicine

摘　　要：疫苗是目前人类预防传染病最经济有效的制品。自18世纪天花疫苗诞生至今,疫苗研发经历了数百年的发展,其大体分为三个阶段:传统疫苗、基因工程疫苗和核酸疫苗。随着反向疫苗学等技术的发展,疫苗研发迎来新的广阔发展前景。该文简要介绍疫苗的发展历史、各类疫苗的特点、新型冠状病毒疫苗研发概况及疫苗的发展前景。At present,vaccine is the most economical and effective product for human beings to prevent infectious diseases.Since the birth of smallpox vaccine in the 18th century,vaccine research and development has experienced hundreds of years of development,which can be divided into three stages:traditional vaccine,genetic engineering vaccine,and nucleic acid vaccine.With the development of reverse vaccinology and other technologies,vaccine research and development ushered in new broad prospects for development.This paper summarized the history of vaccine development,the characteristics of all kinds of vaccines,the general situation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine research and the prospect of vaccine development.

关 键 词：疫苗 传统疫苗 基因工程疫苗 核酸疫苗 反向疫苗学 新型冠状病毒疫苗 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R95[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]