横流环境中水下溢油输移扩散的实验研究  

Experimental Study of the Transport and Diffusion of Underwater Oil Spills in Cross-flow Environments

作　　者：廖国祥[1,2] 李艳妮 LIAO Guoxiang;LI Yanni(National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,Dalian 116023,China;Environmental Science and Engineering College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,大连116023 [2]国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,大连116023 [3]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,大连116026

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2021年第6期70-75,共6页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42076215、41306099);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900606).

摘　　要：文章基于自制的组合式环形水槽(周长9.7m、宽0.45m、深1.0m),分别以阿曼原油及其消油剂混合物和淡水(含示踪剂)为模拟污染物,开展水下溢油的物理模拟实验,以浮射流输移轨迹、污染物扩散范围和油滴粒径分布为考察指标,研究横流环境和消油剂的使用对水下溢油输移扩散的影响。实验结果表明:在横流环境中,浮射流输移轨迹开始弯曲的高度随着流速的增加而降低;与淡水浮射流主要在水中输移扩散的情况不同,当污染物为原油时,大粒径油滴脱离浮射流主体并上浮至水面,导致扩散范围更大;消油剂的添加会使原油浮射流内部油滴的体积中值粒径变小,油滴粒径分布曲线向小尺寸方向偏移。实验结果可为后续的物理模拟实验和数值模拟研究提供参考。In this paper,an annular tank with dimensions of 9.7 m×0.45 m×1.0 m(perimeter×width×depth)was used as the basic test facility,Oman crude oil,mixture of Oman crude oil and chemical dispersant,fresh water(with ink as tracer)were used as simulated pollutants,a series of underwater oil spill physical experiments were conducted.The buoyant jet trajectories,pollutant diffusion extents and oil droplet size distributions were chosen to investigate the impacts of crossflow environments and application of chemical dispersant on the transport and diffusion of underwater oil spills.Experimental results showed that,in the cross-flow environments,the heights at which buoyant jets begin to bend decrease with the increase of cross-flow velocities.When the pollutant is freshwater with tracer,the buoyant jets mainly transport and diffuse in water column.However,when the pollutant is crude oil,the oil droplets of larger sizes will separate from the bent buoyant jets and rise to the water surface,thus leading to larger pollution extents.The addition of chemical dispersant results in the decrease of the oil droplet volume median diameter,and the oil droplet size distribution curve shifts to the smaller size direction.The above results could provide references for further physical experimental and numerical modeling researches in the future.

关 键 词：水下溢油 浮射流 横流环境 油滴粒径 消油剂 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]