新型肿瘤靶标环状RNA的研究进展  

Progress in Research on the Novel Tumor Marker circRNA

作　　者：徐昊 方梦蝶[1] 李超 刘宸 任娟[1] 张衍梅[1] XU Hao;FANG Mengdie;LI Chao;LIU Chen;REN Juan;ZHANG Yanmei(Center for Molecular Medicine,Hangzhou Medical College,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences,Hangzhou 310013,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省医学科学院杭州医学院分子医学中心,杭州310013

出　　处：《中国医学科学院学报》2021年第3期435-444,共10页Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871393);浙江省自然科学基金(LQY18H300001、LQ18C070002);浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2019RC030);浙江省医学科学院青年基金(2019Y003)。

摘　　要：环状RNA(circRNA)是内源非编码性RNA,多数circRNA被发现可通过发挥微小RNA(miRNA)海绵功能来调控基因表达,此外某些circRNA也会被翻译或与RNA结合蛋白互作发挥作用。circRNA广泛表达于组织和体液中,其表达量的改变与肿瘤的发生发展相关。circRNA的环化特性使其对核糖核酸酶R(RNase R)稳定而不易降解。由于circRNA稳定、种类丰富、可特异性调控肿瘤发生、在体液中高表达,因此有望成为肿瘤相关的诊断、预后和治疗靶标。目前对circRNA的认识相对较少,其发生机制和功能尚未完全解析,circRNA的注释也有待充实。本文总结了circRNA的发生机制、生物学功能和在肿瘤研究中的重要应用。Circular RNA(circRNA)is a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNA.Most circRNAs act as microRNA(miRNA)sponges to regulate the expression of functional genes.In addition,some circRNAs can be translated and interact with RNA-binding proteins to perform biological functions.The expression of circRNAs is prevalent in tissues and body fluids,and their abnormal expression is related to tumor progression.circRNAs are stable even under the treatment of RNase R because of their circular conformation.As circRNAs have construct stability,wide variety,specific regulation of tumor progression and high expression in body fluids,it is potential for circRNAs to serve as candidate diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic targets.However,the knowledge about circRNAs remains poor.In addition to the not completely resolved functions and generation mechanisms of circRNAs,the annotations of circRNAs are also waiting for expanding.Here,we review the generation mechanisms,biological functions,and application of circRNAs in tumor research,aiming to provide integrated information for the future research.

关 键 词：环状RNA 肿瘤标志物 环状RNA数据库 反向重复序列 反向剪接 

分 类 号：R34[医药卫生—基础医学]