辣椒上西花蓟马的比例及其与南方小花蝽的种群活动规律  

The proportion of Frankliniella occidentalis and its population activity pattern with Orius similis on Capsicum annuum

作　　者：胡昌雄 段盼 李宜儒 吕布典 张晓明[1] 陈国华[1] HU Chang-xiong;DUAN Pan;LI Yi-ru;LYU Bu-dian;ZHANG Xiao-ming;CHEN Guo-hua(College of Plant Protection of Yunnan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Yunnan Biological Resources Protection and Utilization,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第6期1705-1715,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：云南省基础研究专项(202001AT070134);“云南省高层次人才培养支持计划”青年拔尖人才专项(云人社通[2020]150-09号);云南省生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室研究基金(GZJS201901);云南农业大学学生科技创新创业行动基金项目(2020ZKX095)资助。

摘　　要：为探明不同种植环境辣椒上的蓟马种类、优势种西花蓟马及其天敌南方小花蝽在辣椒上的种群动态和日活动规律,本试验采用五点取样,使用盘拍法对大棚(螺丝辣)和露地种植(螺丝辣、太空椒和云南皱皮辣)的3种辣椒上蓟马和南方小花蝽进行了调查,分析两种种植环境下蓟马的种类组成差异及两种昆虫的动态差异,并采用蓝色诱虫板监测西花蓟马的日活动规律。结果表明:露地辣椒田共有10种蓟马,大棚辣椒田共有6种蓟马,两种环境下西花蓟马均是优势种;西花蓟马的发生高峰期在6月末至7月中旬,2019年在大棚和露地的种群数量最高分别达33.4和18.0头·株-1,2020年最高分别为32.2和17.9头·株^(-1);南方小花蝽种群数量高峰期在7月中旬,高峰期晚于西花蓟马10~20 d;不同辣椒上,西花蓟马数量均为主要发生期显著高于发生早期和晚期(P<0.05),而南方小花蝽数量在主要发生期和发生晚期最高(P>0.05);在两种昆虫的主要发生期,西花蓟马在大棚螺丝辣上数量最高(P<0.05),南方小花蝽则是露地螺丝辣上最高(P<0.05);西花蓟马的昼夜活动规律显示其在夜间的活动较少,日间活动较多,主要活动时间段集中在露地12:00—16:00、大棚10:00—18:00。辣椒种植环境能显著影响蓟马种类组成、西花蓟马和天敌南方小花蝽的种群发生,大棚种植环境能促进西花蓟马种群数量的增长,但会抑制南方小花蝽数量。大棚辣椒种植地周围可以适当增加露地辣椒种植数量,以增加南方小花蝽自然种群数量,进而提高天敌对西花蓟马的自然控制能力。To clarify the thrips species,population dynamics,and diurnal activities of dominant species Frankliniella occidentalis and natural enemy Orius similis on Capsicum annuum in different planting environments,five-point sampling and clapping method were used to investigate the thrips and O.similis on three varieties of C.annuum in greenhouse(Luosi chili)and open field(Luosi chili,Taikong chili,and Zhoupi chili)conditions.The differences in thrips species and the population dynamics were analyzed under both planting environments.The diurnal activities of F.occidentalis were monitored by blue sticky traps.The results showed that 10 thrips species were recorded in the open field and six thrips species were recorded in the greenhouse on C.annuum.F.occidentalis was the dominant thrips species on C.annuum under both planting environments.The peak period of F.occidentalis population occurred from late June to mid-July.Population size reached 33.4 and 18.0 individuals per plant in the greenhouse and in the open field in 2019,and 32.2 and 17.9 individuals per plant in 2020,respectively.Population size of O.similis peaked in mid-July,being 10-20 d later than that of F.occidentalis.The abundance of F.occidentalis in main activity period was significantly higher than that in early and late periods(P<0.05)in both planting environments.However,O.similis had the highest population in main and late activity periods(P>0.05).F.occidentalis had the highest abundance in the greenhouse(P<0.05).O.similis had the highest abundance in the open field(P<0.05)in the main activity period of both insect species.F.occidentalis was not active in night,but showed more frequent activity in daytime.The main activity time period in daytime was mainly from 12:00 to 16:00 in the open field and from 10:00 to 18:00 in the greenhouse.The species composition of thrips and the population dynamics of F.occidentalis and predator O.similis were significantly affected by the planting environment of C.annuum.Population growth of F.occidentalis was promoted while

关 键 词：蓟马种类 优势种 南方小花蝽 种群动态 日活动规律 

分 类 号：S436.418.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]