气候变化对我国特有种红腹锦鸡潜在地理分布的影响  

Impacts of climate change on potential geographical distribution of golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus),an endemic species in China

作　　者：叶维佳 杨楠 杨彪[1,2] 李云 张晋东[1,2] 陈冬梅 周材权[1,4] 钟雪[1,5] 张君 YE Wei-jia;YANG Nan;YANG Biao;LI Yun;ZHANG Jin-dong;CHEN Dong-mei;ZHOU Cai-quan;ZHONG Xue;ZHANG Jun(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife R esources Conservation(Ministry of Education),China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,Sichuan,China;College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,Sichuan,China;Institute of Qing-hai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610064,China;AInstitute of Ecology,China West Normal University,Nanchong 631002,Sichuan,China;Editorial Department of Journal,China West Normal University,Nanchong 631009,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637009 [2]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009 [3]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都610064 [4]西华师范大学生态研究院,四川南充637002 [5]西华师范大学学报编辑部,四川南充637009

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第6期1783-1792,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：西华师范大学基本科研业务费(19D050);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0402);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2020PTJS22001)资助。

摘　　要：气候变化引起的物种地理分布改变,是生物多样性下降甚至物种灭绝的主要原因之一。研究特有物种的地理分布对于气候变化的响应,对物种的长期保护和管理具有重要意义。本研究以我国特有的山地雉类红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)为对象,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)对其当前和未来不同气候情景下的地理分布范围进行建模,预测气候变化对其分布和生境质量的影响。结果表明:1)红腹锦鸡当前地理分布较广,在我国中西部多省均有广泛分布,总面积达306191 km^(2);2)红腹锦鸡的适宜地理分布在未来气候情景下将出现不同程度的缩减,并且呈现向西北方向和高海拔迁移的趋势;3)在气候变化下,红腹锦鸡的生境适宜性将逐渐降低,而破碎化程度将逐渐加剧。虽然红腹锦鸡当前的分布范围面积较大且连通性较好,但在未来的气候变化背景下,该物种将同时面临分布范围缩减和生境质量下降的威胁。为了更好地对红腹锦鸡进行长期的保护,我们建议:参照模型结果进一步调查核实其实际分布;重点关注对其核心分布区和气候庇护所的保护;建立生态廊道以提高生境连通性;随着物种分布变化适应性调整自然保护区范围。Range shifts of species driven by climate change are a major factor resulting in biodiversity loss and species extinction. Understanding the responses of geographical distribution to climate change has important implications for long-term biological conservation and management.The golden pheasant( Chrysolophus pictus) is a typical montane pheasant species endemic in China. In this study,we used the maximum-entropy model( MaxEnt) to analyze its current and future geographic distribution under different climate scenarios and predicted the effects of climate change on its distribution and habitat quality. The results showed that:( 1) current range of golden pheasant widely distributes in central and western China,with a total area of 306191 km^(2);( 2) its suitable distribution range will shrink under future climate scenarios,with a trend of shifting toward both northwest and higher elevation;( 3) under the scenario of climate change,the habitat suitability will gradually decrease and the degree of habitat fragmentation will increase.Although its distribution range is relatively large and well connected at present,it will be threatened by range shrinking and habitat quality declining in the future. For the long-term protection of golden pheasant,we suggest investigate and verify its actual distribution,pay more attention to protect the core distribution range and climate refuges,establish corridors to enhance habitat connectivity,and adjust nature reserves network following the range shifts.

关 键 词：红腹锦鸡 气候变化 潜在分布 生境破碎化 特有种 

分 类 号：Q958.5[生物学—动物学]