长江安庆段皖河口汇流区鱼类群落特征  

Fish community characteristics in the confluence area of Wanhe estuary in Anqing section of the Yangtze River

作　　者：叶昆 严燕 朱孝彦 姜敏 蔺丹清 刘凯[1] YE Kun;YAN Yan;ZHU Xiao-yan;JIANG Min;LIN Dan-qing;LIU Kai(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China;Anqing Aquatic Technology Promotion Center Station,Anqing 246001,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [2]安庆市水产技术推广中心站,安徽安庆246001

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第6期1811-1819,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900901);农业财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查”(CJDC-2017-22);三峡工程运行安全综合监测系统项目(2019-10-160)资助。

摘　　要：为了解江河汇流区鱼类群落结构及其时空特征,对安庆皖河口水域鱼类群落进行了周年调查。共采集13651尾,鉴定鱼类65种,隶属于8目16科54属,主要优势种为贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni);群落多样性特征值依次为Margalef指数6.92,Shannon指数2.56,Simpson指数0.88,Pielou指数1.64;鱼类群落聚类分析将8个采样点分成北岸和南岸2个群组,群组间差异显著(R=0.583,P=0.029);方差分析结果表明,时间及空间上鱼类群落多样性特征值差异均不显著;空间上,位于皖河口口门上游的2号点和下游的3号点总渔获尾数及小型鱼类渔获尾数、重量均显著高于其他采样点;时间上,春夏季鱼类总渔获量及小型鱼类渔获量均显著高于秋冬季。总体上,皖河口水域鱼类群落多样性水平较高,北岸鱼类多样性低于南岸,鱼类小型化特征明显。To clarify the structure and spatiotemporal variation of fish community in river confluence area,a year-round survey was conducted in the estuary of Wanhe River in Anqing. The results showed a total of 65 species( 13651 fish) were recorded,belonging to 8 orders,16 families,and 54 genera. The dominant species were Hemiculter bleekeri,Coilia nasus and Pseudobrama simoni. The values of community diversity indices were: Margalef index 6.92,Shannon index2.56,Simpson index 0.88,and Pielou index 1.64. The results of clustering analysis showed fish communities from the eight sampling sites could be classified into north bank and south bank groups,with significant difference between the two groups( R = 0.583,P = 0.029). The results of variance analysis showed that there were no spatial and temporal differences in the characteristic values of fish community diversity. Spatially,the total number of caught individuals and the number and weight of small fish at sites 2 and 3 in the upstream of Wanhe confluence area were significantly higher than those at other sites. Temporally,fish catches and small fish catches in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter. In general,fish community diversity was high in the waters of the Wanhe confluence area,with lower diversity in the north bank than in the south bank. There was a clear characteristic of fish miniaturization.

关 键 词：长江安庆段 江河汇流区 鱼类群落 生态类群 多样性 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]