北京市平原区中小河流生态综合评价  

Comprehensive ecological evaluation of small-and medium-sized rivers in Beijing plain area

作　　者：桂玉茹 白洁 高婷 常国梁 叶芝菡 赵彦伟[2] 曾勇[1] GUI Yu-ru;BAI Jie;GAO Ting;CHANG Guo-liang;YE Zhi-han;ZHAO Yan-wei;ZENG Yong(School of Chemical Engineering and Environment,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),State Key Laboratory of Heavyr Oil,Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control,Beijing 102249,China;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Institute of Water Science and Technology,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)化学工程与环境学院,重质油国家重点实验室,北京市油气污染防治重点实验室,北京102249 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [3]北京市水科学技术研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第6期1874-1882,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52070020);北京市水务局项目(TAHP2019ZBYY475)资助。

摘　　要：在我国城市平原区中小河流管理中,多以强化河流防洪功能为主,对中小河流的生态状况研究并不充分,导致中小河流生态问题的识别不够全面,难以为中小河流修复提供决策支持。以北京市平原区11条典型中小河流为例,构建包括河流水文水量、水质、水生生物、河流形态和河岸带5个要素、11项指标和4个评语等级的多指标综合评价体系,并运用层次分析法确定指标权重,建立物元综合评判模型,对11条河流生态状况进行综合评价。结果表明:永定河引水渠、运潮减河等6条河流生态状况差(IV级),凉水河、南沙河等5条河流生态状况一般(Ⅱ级);诊断分析表明,河流水文水量、水质和水生生物状况整体较差,各河流存在不同程度的水量短缺,流态单一、水质差等问题;河流形态与河岸带状况整体一般,局部河段人工化程度较高,影响河流生态状况。根据评价结果识别出的各条河流存在的具体问题,对北京市平原区中小河流生态修复提出了建议。In the management of small and medium-sized rivers in urban plain areas of China,the main task is to strengthen the flood control function of rivers. However,the study on the ecological status of small and medium-sized rivers is not sufficient,leading to the incomplete identification of ecological problems of small and medium-sized rivers. Consequently,it is difficult to provide decision support for the restoration of small and medium-sized rivers. Here,we constructed a multi-index comprehensive evaluation system,including five elements,11 indices and four evaluation grades of river water discharge,water quality,aquatic organisms,river morphology,and riparian zone in 11 typical small and medium-sized rivers in Beijing plain area. The index weight was determined using analytic hierarchy process. The matter-element comprehensive evaluation model was established to comprehensively evaluate the ecological status of 11 rivers. The results showed that the ecological status of six rivers such as Yongding River Diversion Canal and Yunchaojian River is poor( grade IV),and that of five rivers such as Liangshui River and Nansha River is at moderate level( grade II). Results of the diagnostic analysis showed that the hydrological discharge,water quality,and aquatic organisms of the rivers are poor as a whole,with water shortage,single flow pattern,and poor water quality in different degrees. The overall situation of river morphology and riparian zone is moderate and the artificial degree of some river sections is high,which affects the ecological conditions of the rivers. According to the specific problems of each river identified by the evaluation results,we proposed some suggestions for ecological restoration of small-and medium-sized rivers in Beijing plain area.

关 键 词：中小河流 生态 综合评价 北京市平原区 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]