基于文献视角的海外对华投资和中国对外投资的比较  

Comparative Study of China’s Overseas Investment and Foreign Investment in China:Based on the Existing Studies

作　　者：杨博飞 朱晟君[1] 高菠阳[2] YANG Bofei;ZHU Shengjun;GAO Boyang(Department of Urban and Regional Planning,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Management Science and Engineering,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,中国北京100871 [2]中央财经大学管理科学与工程学院,中国北京100081

出　　处：《经济地理》2021年第5期122-133,共12页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971154、41701115、41871115);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41731278)。

摘　　要：现阶段,中国双向海外投资发展进入新时期——中国不再只是全球主要的海外投资目的国(IFDI),还成为了全球重要的对外投资来源国(OFDI)。在此背景之下,文章分别从投资动因,空间分布格局以及投资与区域发展等三个研究主题对现有中国双向海外投资的研究进行综述,并着重对比分析三个研究主题下两类不同海外投资——海外对华投资和中国对外投资研究关注点和实证发现的异同。文章主要发现如下:(1)中国对外投资动因不仅具有主流海外投资(海外对华投资)的一般性还有其自身的独特性,具体体现在中国对外投资并不完全是在优势建立后的海外扩张,更多情况下是获取关键资源以提升国内竞争优势和实现政治战略意图为目的的重要手段。(2)两类海外投资的时空格局都经历了由高度集聚逐渐趋向均衡的过程,但是其背后的影响因素却有所差异。相比而言,劳动力等传统区位因子对海外对华投资区位选择的影响更大,而在中国对外投资区位选择过程中不仅传统区位因子,关系因子也起到了重要作用。(3)两类海外投资对于区域发展的影响机制不同,但都具有明显的空间异质性。而空间异质性的来源为中国各区域发展基础的差异以及海外投资目的国(来源国)间的国别差异。最后,文章在综述现有研究的基础之上提出了未来中国双向海外投资研究的新方向。The development of China’s overseas investment and foreign investment in China has entered a new era. China is no longer just the world’s main destination for Inward Foreign Direct Investment(IFDI), but becomes one of the main source of Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI). In this context,this paper systematically reviews existing studies from three primary streams: motivations of Chinese overseas investment;spatial distribution of China’s oversea investment;and impact of Chinese overseas investment on regional development. Based on the existing studies,this paper compares the similarities and differences between China’s overseas investment and foreign investment in China,it’s found that: 1) The motivations of China’s overseas investment not only share the commonalities of traditional overseas investment, but also have their own uniqueness, which indicates that China’s overseas investment is not only an brand expansion,but also an important means to improve the domestic competitive advantage. 2) The spatial pattern of China’s overseas investment and foreign investment in China which both gradually changed from centralization to decentralization are affected by different factors. Traditional location factors, such as labor,have more important influence on the foreign investment in China than relationship factor. 3) The two types of investment have different influence on the regional development,but both of them have obvious spatial heterogeneity which is caused by the differences of regional development foundations in China and countries. Beyond these,this paper also suggests future research directions on the China’s overseas investment and foreign investment in China.

关 键 词：海外对华投资(IFDI) 对外直接投资(OFDI) 投资动因 投资区位 关键资源 经济全球化 新发展格局 

分 类 号：F830.59[经济管理—金融学]