被照料的照料者:隔代照料与子代行孝互动研究  

Caregivers Being Cared:Care for Grandchildren and Support from Grown-up Children Interact

作　　者：王海漪 WANG Haiyi(Social Security Research Center of China,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学中国社会保障研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《人口学刊》2021年第4期74-88,共15页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托项目:中国社会法系列研究(18@ZH023)。

摘　　要：隔代照料与子代行孝作为家庭保障的不同体现,同时承载家庭“育幼”和“养老”功能。已有研究对隔代照料“外部效应”探讨很充分,但隔代照料涉及老年人、年轻父母和孙辈三代人,其如何影响家庭内部代际关系,进而影响家庭保障内涵,已有研究未做深入探讨。本文从家庭内部代际关系出发,基于费孝通先生“抚养-赡养”模型和平衡互惠机制建立“二重反馈机制”模型,基于多维支持视角探索隔代照料与子代对父母的多样化支持的互动关系。通过对2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据分析发现隔代照料会同时促进子代对老年人的经济支持和照料支持,一定程度上弥补隔代照料带给老年人的福祉损失,支持“二重反馈机制”,扩展家庭保障的内涵与功能。进一步进行异质性分析发现子代在不同生命周期对父母的代际支持存在差异。子代处于抚育期,隔代照料会同时促进子代对父母的经济支持和照料支持。子代处于抚育赡养期,隔代照料会促进子代对父母的经济支持,而不会促进照料支持。子代处于赡养期,隔代照料会促进子代对老年父母的照料支持,而不会增加经济支持。最后,进一步对已经发生隔代照料的群体进行子代多维支持的影响因素分析,发现见面次数、子代户籍类型、代际关系和子代教育程度均会影响子代提供支持的类型。Care for grandchildren and support for parent are different types of family care.Despite a full dis⁃cussion of care for grandchildren on the“external effect”,care for grandchildren involves three generations,the impact of care for grandchildren on the intergenerational relations,and then the meaning of family secu⁃rity,was not studied in China.Starting from the intergenerational relationship within the family,this paper explores the relationship between care for grandchildren and the diverse support receive from their grown up children and develops the“Double-Feedback”model based on“Care-Support”model and balanced reciprocity mechanism by professor Fei Xiaotong.Using data on the 2016 CFPS in China,research supports the“Double-Feedback”model and shows that grandparents’care will simultaneously promote financial support and housekeeping support to the elderly,making up for the loss of well-being due to the burden of care for grandchildren.Further analysis of heterogeneity finds that grown-up children in different life peri⁃ods are indifferent types of support to parents.When they are in young period,care for grandchildren simul⁃taneously increased the financial support and care support of the offspring to their parents.When in middle period,care for grandchildren increases their children’s financial support,but would not increase the housekeeping support.When in older period,care for grandchildren increases their children’s housekeep⁃ing support,but would not increase financial support.Finally,analyzing the influencing factors of the grown-up’s provide multi-dimensional support,the data shows that the number of times the grown-up chil⁃dren meet with their parents,the grown-up children’s household registration type,the relationship with the parents and the education level affect the support types to their parents.

关 键 词：隔代照料 经济支持 照料支持 代际关系 家庭保障 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]