基于微/纳马达的智能癌症诊断、递送及治疗  

Micro/Nanomotors on the Way to Intelligent Cancer Diagnosis, Delivery and Therapy

作　　者：王佳佳 吴惠英 董任峰 蔡跃鹏[1] Jiajia Wang;Huiying Wu;Renfeng Dong;Yuepeng Cai(South China Normal University,School of Chemistry,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学化学学院,广州510006

出　　处：《化学进展》2021年第5期883-894,共12页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21671071,21805096);广东省科技计划项目(No.2017B090917002,2019A050510038,2019B1515120027);中国博士后科学基金面上资助(No.2019M662948);华南师范大学青年教师科研培育基金项目(No.18KJ13)资助。

摘　　要：癌症严重威胁着人类的生命健康,早期的诊断和治疗对于提高癌症治愈率、挽救人们的生命有着至关重要的作用。随着纳米科技的发展,具有自主运动性能的微/纳马达为癌症的诊断与治疗带来了新的发展契机。微/纳马达能够有效地将多种能量(光、声、磁、电、热等)转化为自身运动的动能,有望在微米或纳米空间内执行各种复杂而精确的任务,这在智能化癌症诊疗领域具有得天独厚的优势。目前,已成功制备出不同形状的微/纳马达,比如线状马达、微管马达、Janus双面神结构马达等,促进了一系列新型诊断方法、胞内递送系统及光治疗策略等的发展。本文主要总结了微/纳马达在智能化癌症诊疗领域的研究进展,首先从化学场驱动与物理场驱动这两个角度总结了微/纳马达在检测和靶向递送方面的最新研究进展,并进一步总结了微/纳马达在癌症光治疗领域的应用进展,最后探讨了目前存在的问题及未来的发展方向。Cancers seriously threaten human health due to their relatively high mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment play key roles in improving the cancers cure rate and saving people’s lives. With the development of science and nanotechnology, the advent of micro/nanomotors with self-propelled capabilities has enabled exciting opportunities for the diagnosis and therapy of cancers. The micro/nanomotors can effectively convert diverse energy sources(light, ultrasound, magnetic, electrical, heat, etc.) into their own driving forces, and show encouraging potential for performing various complex and precise tasks in the micrometer or nanometer space. Compared with nanomaterials with passive Brownian motion, micro/nanomotors with active propulsion capabilities endow more flexibility in intelligent cancer diagnosis and treatment. With the development of fabrication strategies, various shapes of micro/nanomotors that can be driven in various modes have been successfully fabricated, such as Janus microspheres, microtubular microrockets and nanowires, etc. These micro/nanomotors have been widely used in different fields of cancer research, as evidenced by significant breakthroughs in the development of a series of intracellular delivery systems, novel diagnosis methods and imaging strategies. In this review, we mainly focus on the tremendous inspiration and opportunities offered by micro/nanomotors in intelligent cancer diagnosis and therapy. Firstly, we demonstrate the recent progress of micro/nanomotors in the fields of cancer diagnostics(ranging from isolation of circulating tumor cells to detection of cancer related biomarkers, such as protein and microRNA), cancer-target delivery(such as drug, interfering RNA, etc.), as well as tumor phototherapy. The challenges and outlooks of micro/nanomotors for future development are also discussed.

关 键 词：微/纳马达 癌症 诊断 治疗 智能化 

分 类 号：O65[理学—分析化学]