基于语言顺应论的英语听写错误分析及教学启示  

Pragmatic Analysis of English Majors Dictation Errors

作　　者：韩东红[1] 董娇 HAN Dong-hong;DONG Jiao(School of Foreign Languages,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学外国语学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《集美大学学报（教育科学版）》2021年第3期75-81,共7页Journal of Jimei University：Education Science Edition

基　　金：集美大学教改项目“以学生为中心的英语听力策略教学语用研究”(YJ1806);外研社科研项目“移动互联网时代的英语学习策略多视角研究”(H2018131);集美大学教改课题“双一流建设背景下英语教育硕士培养的改革与实践”(YJG2006)。

摘　　要：听写是考查学生语言综合能力的手段之一,也是语言学习的一项重要技能。然而听写问题研究却少有人关注。基于语言顺应论分析某高校英语专业大一134名学生的专四听写测试,结果发现听写错误主要有语言结构顺应错误、语言语境顺应错误、交际语境顺应错误和缺项错误等四类,其中语言结构顺应错误是听写错误最常见现象,约占所有错误的三分之一。从听写内容看,当涉及英语国家文化时,学生听写错误率也较高。通过语言顺应论分析,发现学生听写错误的主要原因在于:语言基础问题造成语言结构顺应缺失;语境知识欠缺和语境意识薄弱造成语境顺应缺失;短期记忆不足和辨音能力有限造成语言选择停滞等。因此,在教学中应夯实学生语言基本功,重视英语国家文化教学,通过拓宽学生知识面、增强语境意识、训练短时记忆能力等措施,可有效提高听写质量,提升学生听力水平。Dictation is a means of testing learners' comprehensive ability.In spite of many previous studies on listening,few reports have been revealed on dictation,esp.those from the perspective of pragmatics.Dictation is a process of makinGlinguistic choices by adapting to language structure and context.In this study,the dictations of 134 English majors in a university of Fujian Province are analyzed from the perspective of linguistic adaptation theory.Findings show that there are four categories of dictation errors,concerninGthe failure of making adaptation to structural objects,linguistic context and communicative context,as well as being unable to make any linguistic choices.In terms of listening materials,more dictation errors are found in the discourse related to English culture.It is revealed that these dictation errors are mainly the wronGlinguistic choices made by the hearers because of their inadequate knowledge in English language structure and culture,weak context consciousness,and inadequate short-term memory and sound discrimination ability.To reduce dictation errors in learning English,it is suggested to enhance learners' basic language skills,expand their scope of knowledge,increase their context consciousness,and improve their short-term memory.

关 键 词：听写错误 语用分析 语言选择 顺应缺失 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]