论风险社会中行动任务的不可分配性  

On the Non-Distributivity of Action Task in Risk Society

作　　者：张康之 ZHANG Kang-zhi(School of Public Administration,Zhejiang Business University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学公共管理学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期14-23,共10页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目重大基础研究计划(12XNL003)。

摘　　要：一切理性化的行动都有任务,承担什么样的任务以及采取什么方式承担任务,则是多样化的。在工业社会低度复杂性和低度不确定性条件下,占主导地位的行动体系是以官僚制组织的形式出现的。这一组织是部门化的,组织成员为组织所有,组织任务是具有可分配性的,组织通过对任务的分析、分割、分解,使之单元化,然后分配到组织的各个部门,直至组织成员个人。在任务分配的基础上,构造了分工—协作机制。为使任务分配格式化为组织秩序,需要得到边界的支持。组织边界可分为外部边界和内部边界,所有的边界都构成了任务分配的基础。然而,在风险社会及其高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下,时间形式的改变和属性的转变,对任务分配构成了挑战。而且,风险社会及其高度复杂性和高度不确定性条件下的绝大多数行动任务也是不可分解、不可分配的,必须通过组织形式的变革来适应承担任务的要求。官僚制组织的终结和合作制组织的兴起,就是适应承担整体性任务的要求。All rational actions have tasks. What kind of tasks to undertake and how to undertake them are diversified. Under the condition of low complexity and uncertainty in industrial society, the dominant action system appears in the form of bureaucratic organization. The organization is departmental, and its members are owned by the organization, and its tasks are assignable. The organization unites the tasks by analyzing, dividing and decomposing them, and then distributes them to all departments of the organization, even to individual members. On the basis of task assignment, the mechanism of division and cooperation is constructed. In order to format task assignment into organizational order, boundary support is needed. Organizational boundaries can be divided into external boundaries and internal boundaries, both of which constitute the basis of task allocation. However, under the condition of risk society and its high complexity and uncertainty, the change of time form and attribute poses a challenge to task allocation. Moreover, the vast majority of action tasks in the risk society and its highly complex and highly uncertain conditions can not be decomposed and allocated, and must adapt to the requirements of undertaking tasks through the change of organizational form. The end of bureaucratic organizations and the rise of cooperative organizations can help meet the requirements of undertaking the overall task.

关 键 词：风险社会 行动任务 边界支持 事件时间 官僚制组织 合作制组织 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]