公众水文学--技术体系  

Public Hydrology-Technical System

作　　者：邱顺添 王明娜 王佳[1] Khu Soon Thiam;Wang Mingna;Wang Jia(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》2021年第11期1101-1110,共10页Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology

摘　　要：公众水文学是一个通过获取多源与多元的泛在感知水文信息,汲取水文学新知识,并根据新知识重构水文认知和模型框架,解答水文学基本问题,满足社会发展对水文知识需求的新兴研究领域.公众水文学一方面通过全新的方式获取水文数据进而推动水文学跨越式发展,另一方面可增加公众在水文研究过程中的成就感,促进水文学与社会的互馈.本文着重描述了公众水文学的技术体系,从数据、技术、理论、社会4个维度阐述了公众水文学的主要建设内容,介绍了公民科学、社会水文学、现代水文学与公众水文学的区别和共同点,论述了公众水文学在中国的发展机遇:完善的基础设施、不断发展的新基建、逐步公开和共享的信息、高密度的人口、坚实的经济基础以及较强的政府和地方组织能力,使公众水文学可发展为具有中国特色的水文学新领域.最后,提出了公众水文学面临的挑战,并从研究体系的构建、技术的发展、应用领域的扩展和水文学发展的推进讲述了该领域未来的发展趋势.公众水文学综合了公共体系、智能化技术和水文学理论,将水文和社会有机结合起来,发展成一个新的研究领域,可以打破数据的壁垒,协助水文学实现突破式发展;同时,可将水文科学反馈于社会,增加公众参与度和价值感,拉动水文学和社会的联动作用.Public hydrology is a new research field that aims to solve basic problems of hydrology by acquiring multisources and multivariate ubiquitous perception information,extracting new knowledge,reexamining current hydrological cognition and remodeling the current hydrological framework;therefore,the field meets the needs of social development for hydrological knowledge.Public hydrology involves the acquisition of hydrological data in a new way to promote hydrology development.Moreover,it increases the public’s sense of achievement in the process of hydrological research and promotes mutual feedback between hydrology and society.This study discusses the differences and connections between public hydrology and citizen science,sociohydrology,and modern hydrology in terms of participating subjects,research purposes,construction content,and data.Then,the construction content of public hydrology is expounded using four dimensions:data,technology,theory,and social aspects.Subsequently,we discuss the opportunities and advantages of the development of public hydrology in China:perfect infrastructure,the continuous development of new type of infrastructure,willingness to share open information,high-density population,solid economic foundation,and the strong organizational ability of government and local organizations,all of which help to promote the development of public hydrology to a new field of hydrology with Chinese characteristics.Finally,we explore the challenges limiting public hydrology,and describe the future development trend of this field from the aspects of the construction of research system,the development of technology,the expansion of application fields and the promotion of hydrology development.Public hydrology integrates public system,intelligent technology and hydrology theory,organically combines hydrology and society,and develops into a new research field.It can not only break the data barrier,but also help hydrology achieve breakthrough development.At the same time,hydrology can be fed back to the soci

关 键 词：公众水文学 水文学 感知技术 泛在数据 理论革新 

分 类 号：P349[天文地球—水文科学]