石栎属物种果实类型及其系统演化研究进展  

A research synthesis of the fruit-types and evolution of Lithocarpus(Fagaceae)

作　　者：覃元艺 陈曦[1,2,3] QIN Yuan-yi;CHEN Xi(School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology,Kunming 650091,China;School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650091 [2]云南大学,云南省植物繁殖适应与进化生态学实验室,云南昆明650091 [3]云南大学,云南省高原山地生态与退化环境修复重点实验室,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期311-320,共10页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University:Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060058,31460095);云南省高原山地生态与退化环境修复重点实验室开放基金(2019BC001);云南省教育厅科学研究基金(C176240111).

摘　　要：壳斗科石栎属物种是东亚的热带和亚热带森林的重要林冠层树种,具有重要的生态价值和潜在的经济价值.石栎物种果实形态变异丰富,是研究其物种多样性和进化的关键.石栎物种的果实多态性可被划分为具有物化权衡的2种主要果实类型:较小和以种子化学防御为主的橡实,和种子较大、富含营养且以花托为主要物理防御的花托包被实.2种果实类型的物理和形态权衡由其果皮和花托的发育分化差异造成.同时,其物化权衡和共生现象则反映了2种果实类型可能是不同捕食压力下出现的2种适应性对策.开展石栎的动植物关系和种子散播萌发研究是解析两种果实类型的共生机制和物化权衡的进化策动力的关键.另一方面,目前已有的石栎系统发育树不完善,且缺乏对2种果实类型进化关系的分析,因此完善石栎系统发育关系的基础上结合形态学分析,是理解石栎属物种和果实多样性及其进化关联的关键,而利用形态学来阐释分子数据的方法也为未来物种多样性和进化研究提供了全新的视角.As an important genus of Fagaceae,Lithocarpus is ecologically dominant in tropical and subtropical forests in East Asia with great potential of economical value.The fruit of this genus in rich morphological variation is crucial for us to understand its species diversity and evolution.It is found that its fruits could be classified into two major types with seed chemistry and fruit mechanical trade-offs:the smaller acorn fruit(AC)type with chemical defense in the seed;and the bigger,more nutritious enclosed receptacle fruit(ER)type with lignified and woody receptacle as the main mechanical defense.The mechanical trade-off between the two fruit types is the result of differentiation in the development of pericarp and receptacle tissues.With a consideration of their co-occurrence,the chemical mechanical trade-off between the two fruit types could represent two adaptive strategies under various predation pressures.The study on the plant-animal interaction as well as seed dispersal and germination is crucial to reveal the co-existing mechanisms and the driver for the trade-off between the two fruit types of Lithocarpus.In addition,constructing a robust phylogenetic tree combined with fruit morphometric study is the key to understand the evolution and correlation between species diversity and fruit morphological variation of Lithocarpus,which exhibits a new perspective on species diversity and evolution in the future research.

关 键 词：石栎属 果实类型 果实形态 演化 种子散播 种子萌发 系统发育 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]