4种常用除草剂对玉米、绿豆和萝卜的影响  

Toxicity of four herbicides in Zea mays,Phaseolus aureus,and Raphanus sativus

作　　者：林涛[1,2] 曾兆华 石建亭[1] 陈艺欣 魏辉 游泳[1,2] LIN Tao;ZENG Zhaohua;SHI Jianting;CHEN Yixin;WEI Hui;YOU Yong(Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室,福建福州350003

出　　处：《武夷科学》2021年第1期27-33,共7页Wuyi Science Journal

基　　金：建省农业科学院青年人才自由探索创新项目(AA2018-18);害虫绿色防控福建省高校重点实验室项目(KJg17013A01);福建省农业科学院青年科技创新团队项目(STIT2017-3-2)。

摘　　要：采用非靶标植物影响试验的土壤处理法,分别测定500 g·L^(-1)莠灭净悬浮剂、400 g·L^(-1)二甲戊灵乳油、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂和900 g·L^(-1)2,4-滴异辛酯乳油4种玉米田常用除草剂对玉米、绿豆和萝卜的半效应浓度EC_(50)(14 d),并进行影响评价,以明确除草剂对玉米及非靶标植物的安全性。结果显示,500 g·L^(-1)莠灭净悬浮剂、400 g·L^(-1)二甲戊灵乳油、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂和900 g·L^(-1)2,4-滴异辛酯乳油对玉米和绿豆均为低毒,400 g·L^(-1)二甲戊灵乳油对萝卜为低毒,500 g·L^(-1)莠灭净悬浮剂、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂对萝卜为中毒,900 g·L^(-1)2,4-滴异辛酯乳油对萝卜为高毒。4种除草剂均可按照推荐剂量施用于玉米田,但在选择施用500 g·L^(-1)莠灭净悬浮剂、56%二甲四氯钠可溶粉剂和900 g·L^(-1)2,4-滴异辛酯乳油时,应避免间、套种萝卜并远离萝卜田,以免对萝卜造成药害。We aimed to evaluate the toxicity of four herbicides in Zea mays,Phaseolus aureus,and Raphanus sativus.Therefore,we performed a non-target plant impact test following the Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical to evaluate the effects of 500 g·L^(-1) Ametryn SC,400 g·L^(-1) Pendimethalin EC,56%MCPA sodium SP,and 900 g·L^(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC on Z.mays,P.aureus,and R.sativus.We found that 500 g·L^(-1) Ametryn SC,400 g·L^(-1) Pendimethalin EC,56%MCPA sodium SP,and 900 g·L^(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC were less toxic to Z.mays and P.aureus,400 g·L^(-1) Pendimethalin EC was less toxic to R.sativus,500 g·L^(-1) Ametryn SC and 56%MCPA sodium SP were moderately toxic to R.sativus,and 900 g·L^(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC was highly toxic to R.sativus.All four herbicides can be applied to corn fields according to the recommended concentrations.However,in corn field intercropping and interplanting with radish,500 g·L^(-1) Ametryn SC,56%MCPA sodium SP,and 900 g·L^(-1)2,4-D-ethylhexyl EC should be avoided,and their application should be away from radish fields to avoid negative effects.

关 键 词：除草剂 玉米 绿豆 萝卜 影响效应 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]