中国民间生活中的防疫观念与抗病避灾的文化实践  

The Concept of Epidemic Prevention and the Cultural Practice of Disease Resistance and Disaster Avoidance in Chinese Folk Life

作　　者：邓苗 Deng Miao

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学博士后流动站,北京100871

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期124-132,共9页Journal of Qinghai Minzu University：Social Sciences

基　　金：北京大学社科部“新型冠状病毒肺炎防控专项研究”课题“风险社会防疫救灾的社会自组织建设问题研究”(项目编号:7100603137);国家社会科学基金重点项目“构建全民共建共享的社会治理格局研究”(项目编号:15AZD078)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在长期的生产生活中,中国民众根据自己的生活经验和生存环境创造了许多有关防疫防病的习俗,这些习俗与民众的日常生活结合在一起,构成了中国民众防疫防病的知识体系。这一体系由内而外可以大体分为三层,第一层是个体自身的卫生观念与习惯,包括日常盥洗、沐浴和饮食起居三个方面;第二层是居住场所的防病避邪理念与卫生保健实践,包括传统风水观中的防病避邪理念和居所的卫生保健实践;第三层是社区和社会层面的防疫防病,主要是民间信仰的防疫防病功能和节日时空中的防疫防病实践。这三个层面互相联系,层层扩展,共同构成了中国民间生活中防疫防病的知识体系。In the long-term life,Chinese people have created many customs related to epidemic prevention and disease prevention based on their own life experience and living environment,and these customs,combined with their daily life,constitute the knowledge system of epidemic prevention and disease prevention for the Chinese.The system can be divided into three levels:the first level is their own hygiene concepts and habits of individual,including daily washing,bathing,eating and living;the second level is the concept of disease prevention and health care practices in the place of residence,including the traditional Feng Shui concept of disease prevention and health care practices in the residence;the third level is the community and social level of disease prevention and epidemic prevention,mainly the folk beliefs of disease prevention and epidemic prevention functions and the practice of disease prevention and epidemic prevention during holidays.These three levels are interconnected and expanded in layers,together constructing a system of knowledge about epidemic prevention and disease prevention in Chinese folk life.

关 键 词：民俗 防疫防病 抗病避灾 驱鬼逐疫 

分 类 号：C913.4[经济管理]