数字化行政方式的权力正当性检视  

Review on the Legitimation of the Power of Digital Administrative Mode

作　　者：展鹏贺 Zhan Penghe

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2021年第3期114-138,共25页China Legal Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金青年项目“数字政府时代行政方式变革的法治化研究”(项目批准号:20CFX023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在以互联网、大数据和人工智能为代表的数字技术驱动下,我国行政方式正在经历前所未有的数字化变革。作为电子政务的制度延伸,数字化行政的效果正在向包括实体决定在内的行政程序全程自动实施跃迁。作为行政权行使方式的变化,实践中显现的数字化行政,必须要符合《宪法》对国家权力运行的正当性要求。类型化视角下,透过权力正当性理论框架的分析,我国当前源于行政创新的完全数字化行政行为制度,因具体规范的缺失,还难以获得充分的正当性水准。对此进行的正当性补正,需着眼于实体法数字化适用的特殊性,在制度建构上,从规范的数字化契合性和技术可控性角度框定完全数字化实施的边界。在此基础上,具体的正当性获得仍需回归依法行政路径,将制度层面的瑕疵补正要求和实施过程的风险防范需求予以法制化。Driven by digital technology represented by the Internet,big data and artificial intelligence,the administration in China is undergoing unprecedented digital transformation.As an institutional extension of the E-government,the effect of digital administration is now transitioning to automatic implementation of administrative procedures,including substantive decisions.As a change of the way to exercise administrative power,digital administration must comply with the constitutional requirements for legitimation.From the perspective of categorization and through the analysis of the theory of legitimacy,the current fully digital administrative activity system in China,which has been derived from administrative innovation,due to the lack of specific regulations,is still difficult to obtain a sufficient level of legitimation.To obtain sufficient legitimation,the boundary of the complete digital administrative activity,considering the particularity of the digital appliance of substantive law,should be framed from the perspective of digital compatibility of norms and technical controllability in the construction of the system.On this basis,the acquisition of legitimation still needs to return to the principle of administration according to law,and the requirements for the correction of defects at the system level and the requirements for risk prevention in the implementation process shall be legalized.

关 键 词：数字化 行政方式 行政程序 人工智能 正当性 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]