庐山山地垂直自然带土壤腐殖质与土壤动物分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of soil humus and fauna along the vertical natural belt of Lushan Mountain

作　　者：王海燕 朱永恒 毛文权 白钰鹏 WANG Hai-yan;ZHU Yong-heng;MAO Wen-quan;BAI Yu-peng(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Anhui Wuhu,241003,China;Anhui Normal University,Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin,Anhui Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241003 [2]江淮流域地表过程与区域响应安徽省重点实验室,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《土壤通报》2021年第3期620-628,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001031)资助。

摘　　要：沿庐山垂直自然带谱对常绿阔叶林(低海拔,L)、落叶常绿混交林(中海拔,M)和落叶阔叶林(高海拔,H)地面腐殖质及大中型土壤动物分布情况进行调查分析,使用调查数据探究了该垂直自然带土壤腐殖质与土壤动物分布特征。调查分析的腐殖质指标有剖面各发生层厚度、O-A过渡层厚度以及A层土壤团粒大小和有机质、总碳量、全磷、全氮、全碳含量和pH值等,土壤动物指标有类群数、个体密度和多样性指数。结果表明,L、M、H自然带地面腐殖质分别以细腐殖质(Mull)、半腐殖质(Moder)和粗腐殖质(Mor)为主;调查共获得隶属于3门8纲24目的大中型土壤动物2636头,其平均密度为2245.23 ind m^(−2),优势类群前气门亚目、甲螨亚目、弹尾目动物个体数分别占总个体数的38.87%、25.36%和13.37%。皮尔逊相关性分析和典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,土壤动物个体密度与A层土壤养分含量、类群数与O层厚度关系密切,而多样性指数既与A层土壤pH值、也与A层土壤养分含量及O-A过渡层厚度密切相关。土壤动物分布总体特点是优势类群在不同腐殖质组型土层广泛分布,而常见类群和稀有类群则分别与腐殖质组型中的OH层厚度、OL层厚度关系密切。The distribution of surface humus and large and medium-sized soil fauna in evergreen broad-leaved forests(low altitude,L),deciduous evergreen mixed forests(medium altitude,M)and deciduous broad-leaved forests(high altitude,H)was investigated and analyzed along the altitudinal belt of Lushan Mountain,the distribution characteristics of soil humus and soil animals in the vertical natural zone were investigated by using survey data.The humus characters of investigation and analysis include the thickness of each occurrence layer,the thickness of O-A transition layers and aggregates size of A-horizon and organic matter,total carbon content,total phosphorus,total nitrogen,total carbon content and pH value of A layer.Soil fauna characters included the number of biological groups,individual density and diversity index.The results showed that the surface humus of L,M and H natural zones were mainly fine humus(Mull),semi-humus(Moder)and coarse humus(Mor),respectively.A total of 2636 large and medium-sized soil fauna were identified,belonging to 24 orders in 8 classes under 3 phyla,in which the average density was 2245.23 ind m^(−2).Among them,the dominant group was Prostigmata,Oribatida,Collembola,and the number of individuals in the dominant groups was 38.87%,25.36%and 13.37%respectively.The pearson Correlation and CCA analysis showed that the individual density of soil fauna was closely related to soil nutrient content in Ahorizon and the number of biological group was highly associated with the thickness of O horizon.The diversity index was closely connected not only to soil pH of A-horizon but also to soil nutrient content in A-horizon and the thickness of O-A transition layer.The overall characteristics of soil fauna distribution are that dominant groups are widely distributed in different humus groups,while the common groups were in close relation with the thickness of OH layer,but the rare groups had an intimate connection with the thickness of OL layer.

关 键 词：群落结构 腐殖质组型 海拔 土壤动物 多样性 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S153.622[农业科学—农业基础科学]