唾液睾酮和皮质醇的生物节律变异对男子篮球运动员下肢肌肉力量和爆发力的影响  

Effects of biorhythm variation of salivary testosterone and cortisol on muscle strength,power of lower extremity in male basketball athletes

作　　者：谢志勇[1] XIE Zhi-yong(Sports College of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450044,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学体育学院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《广州体育学院学报》2021年第3期94-99,共6页Journal of Guangzhou Sport University

基　　金：河南省重点科技攻关项目(152102310117)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨唾液睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)含量的生物节律变异对男子篮球运动员下肢肌肉力量和爆发力的影响,为合理安排训练和竞赛提供依据。方法:20名青年男子篮球运动员分别进行4次测试(测试时间分别为08:00、12:00、16:00和20:00),每次测试内容包括口腔温度(T_(oral)),唾液T和C含量,下肢力量与爆发力测试以及测试后的主观疲劳感觉(RPE),其中力量测试包括下蹲跳(CMJ)、半蹲跳(SJ)、股四头肌最大等长力量(IMTP)和股四头肌最大随意收缩(MVC)四项并计算CMJ、SJ和IMTP的峰值力量(F_(peak))、峰值功率(P_(peak))和最大力量生成速率(RFD_(peak))。结果:CMJ(F_(peak))、IMTP(F_(peak))和CMJ(P_(peak))在08:00、12:00和20:00时均低于16:00时(P<0.05);CMJ(RFD_(peak))和IMTP(RFD_(peak))在08:00和20:00时均低于16:00时(P<0.05);SJ(F_(peak))、SJ(P_(peak))、SJ(RFD_(peak))和MVC只在08:00时低于16:00时(P<0.05)。唾液T和C含量在08:00时最高,20:00时最低(P<0.05)。T_(oral)在08:00、12:00和20:00时均低于16:00时(P<0.05)。RPE在08:00和20:00时均高于16:00时(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,唾液T和C与各运动能力指标均无显著相关性(P>0.05);T_(oral)与CMJ(F_(peak))、CMJ(P_(peak))以及IMTP(F_(peak))均显著正相关(r=0.81,P<0.05;r=0.75,P<0.05;r=0.86,P<0.05)。结论:青年男子篮球运动员下肢力量力量[CMJ(F_(peak))和IMTP(F_(peak))]和爆发力[CMJ(P_(peak))、CMJ(RFD_(peak))和IMTP(RFD_(peak))]存在昼夜节律特征并在16:00时达峰值,建议运动员训练和测试应尽量安排在下午进行;体温对于运动能力生物节律的预测作用较激素(T和C)更为敏感;RPE可能是运动员力量训练监控的参考指标。Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biorhythm variation of salivary testosterone and cortisol on muscle strength,power of lower extremity in male basketball athletes so as to provide evidence for reasonable arrangemant of training and competition.Methods:Twenty male basketball athletes performed 4 tests(time is corresponding to 08:00,12:00,16:00 and 20:00 hours)including oral temperature(T_(oral)),saliva T and C content,tests of muscle strength,power in lower extremity and rating of perceived exertion(RPE)after test,in which the strength tests consisted of countermovement jump(CMJ),squat jump(SJ),quadriceps femoris isometric midthigh pull(IMTP)and maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)and calculation of peak force(F_(peak)),peak power(P_(peak))and peak rate-of-force development(RFD_(peak))of CMJ,SJ and IMTP were conducted.Results:CMJ(F_(peak)),IMTP(F_(peak))and CMJ(P_(peak))collected at 08:00,12:00 and 20:00 were significantly lower than those obtained at 16:00(P<0.05);CMJ(RFD_(peak))and IMTP(RFD_(peak))at 08:00 and 20:00 were lower than 16:00(P<0.05);SJ(F_(peak)),SJ(P_(peak)),SJ(RFD_(peak))and MVC only at 08:00 were lower than 16:00(P<0.05).Salivary T and C content displayed a clear circadian rhythm with highest values at 08:00 and lowest at 20:00(P<0.05).T_(oral) at 08:00,12:00 and 20:00 was lower than 16:00(P<0.05).RPE scores collected at 08:00 and 20:00 were significantly higher than those obtained at 16:00(P<0.05).Correlation analysis displayed that no significant correlation was found between T and C with indicators of exercise performance(P>0.05);positive correlation was found between T_(oral) with CMJ(F_(peak)),CMJ(P_(peak))and IMTP(F_(peak))(r=0.81,P<0.05;r=0.75,P<0.05;r=0.86,P<0.05).Conclusion:The study showed the existence of a circadian rhythm in muscle strength[CMJ(F_(peak))and IMTP(F_(peak))],power[CMJ(P_(peak)),CMJ(RFD_(peak))and IMTP(RFD_(peak))]of lower extremity in male basketball athletes and the evidence suggests that strength and power training or testing should be sc

关 键 词：睾酮 皮质醇 生物节律 运动员 运动能力 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]