2016—2018年广州市农村家庭环境卫生状况调查  

An Investigation of the Household Environmental Sanitation in Rural Areas of Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,China,2016—2018

作　　者：钟嶷[1] 黎晓彤[1] 王德东[1] 周金华 孙丽丽[1] ZHONG Yi;LI Xiaotong;WANG Dedong;ZHOU Jinhua;SUN Lili

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2021年第2期166-170,共5页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：广州市卫生和计划生育科技项目-西医类重大项目(20191A031004);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20191A011068,20201A010044)。

摘　　要：目的了解广州市农村家庭环境卫生状况,为相关部门制定农村环境卫生的改善措施提供依据。方法于2016—2018年,在广州市农村地区采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取7个区的105个自然村中391户家庭作为调查对象。通过一对一访谈和现场问卷等方法调查、饮水、厕所与粪便处理、生活垃圾及污水处理等情况等。结果有78户(19.95%)家庭饮用山泉水。98.47%家庭内有卫生厕所;厕所粪便处理方式以排入下水道方式为主(80.31%),其次是排入沟塘河道(15.60%)。生活垃圾丢弃地点主要是垃圾池(箱)(72.38%)和房子周围的固定点(27.62%),无随意丢弃的现象。家庭的生活污水排放方式以管道形式为主(44.76%),其次为暗沟(36.83%)和明沟(17.39%)。家庭的生活污水排放地点以处理厂为主(40.15%),其次为坑塘(31.46%)和河流(21.23%)等。农户家庭中有257户(65.73%)房屋周围存在病媒生物孳生地。结论广州市农村地区家庭环境卫生状况总体良好,但仍需加强农村饮用水供水、生活污水排放和病媒生物控制管理工作。Objective To investigate the status of household environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guangzhou,Guangdong province,China,and to provide a basis for the government to formulate improvement measures.Methods From 2016 to 2018,a total of 391 households from 105 villages of 7 districts in rural areas of Guangzhou were randomly selected using the stratified random sampling method.One-on-one interviews and on-site questionnaires were used to investigate the general information,the conditions of drinking water,toilet and feces treatment,domestic waste and sewage,and vector control.Results There were 78 households(19.95%)drank spring water.A total of 385 households(98.47%)had sanitary toilets;discharging into the drainage system(80.31%)was the main way of feces treatment,followed by discharging into ditches,ponds,or rivers(15.60%).A total of 72.38%of the households discarded their domestic waste into garbage pools/cans,and the rest(27.62%)discarded their domestic waste to fixed places around their houses,with no random disposal.The domestic sewage was mainly discharged through drain pipe(44.76%),subdrain(36.83%),and ditch(17.39%),and mainly discharged into disposal plants(40.15%),ponds(31.46%),and rivers(21.23%).There were 257(65.73%)surveyed households with vector breeding sites around their houses.Conclusion The household environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guangzhou is good in general,but it is still necessary to strengthen the rural drinking water supply,domestic sewage discharge,and vector-control management.

关 键 词：农村 环境卫生 调查 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]