北京油鸡快慢羽母鸡鉴定以及羽毛发育、生长和产蛋性能的对比分析  

Identification and Comparison of Feather Development,Growth Performance and Egg Production Performance of Early and Late Feathering Beijing-You Chickens

作　　者：江琳琳 马腾壑 李云雷[1] 石雷[1] 袁经纬 麻慧 王攀林 王园美 葛平壮 宗云鹤 边世雄 陈超[1] 王茂森 龚炎长[4] 陈继兰[1] 孙研研[1] JIANG Linlin;MA Tenghe;LI Yunlei;SHI Lei;YUAN Jingwei;MA Hui;WANG Panlin;WANG Yuanmei;GE Pingzhuang;ZONG Yunhe;BIAN Shixiong;CHEN Chao;WANG Maosen;GONG Yanzhang;CHEN Jilan;SUN Yanyan(Key Laboratory of Animal(Poultry)Genetics Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China;Zhangjiakou Husbandry Station,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry of Education,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家禽)重点实验室,北京100193 [2]河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,邯郸056038 [3]张家口市畜牧技术推广站,张家口075000 [4]华中农业大学,农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2021年第6期2113-2121,共9页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D171100007817005);现代农业产业技术体系国家蛋鸡体系(CARS-40);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZD2018071);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS04)。

摘　　要：试验旨在为北京油鸡品系选育、配套利用和科学养殖提供基础数据。选用北京油鸡纯系母雏534只,开展快慢羽群体的鉴定,并对比快慢羽母鸡羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能的差异。北京油鸡保种群出雏时按照主翼羽与覆主翼羽的相对长度表型特征鉴别,将其分为快慢羽亚群,其中快羽包括K1(主翼羽长于覆主翼羽5 mm以上)和K2(主翼羽长于覆主翼羽2~5 mm),慢羽包括M1(主翼羽与覆主翼羽等长或主翼羽长于覆主翼羽2 mm以内)、M2(主翼羽短于覆主翼羽)和M3(主翼羽未长出)。6周龄时通过PCR方法进行再次鉴定快慢羽。7 d内每隔1 d测量1次主翼羽与覆主翼羽羽长;7~42 d每隔1周测量1次;1~8周每周测定体重,9~18周每隔1周测定体重;产蛋期根据个体产蛋记录统计群体开产日龄、个体产蛋数以及连产相关性状等产蛋性能。结果表明,北京油鸡初生雏鸡快慢羽表型鉴定结果与通过PCR方法鉴定的结果一致,快羽鸡占总数的25%,慢羽鸡占75%,慢羽鸡又以M2为主,有少量M1和M3。21日龄以内快羽鸡的主翼羽羽长显著高于慢羽鸡(P<0.05);28日龄时,M1和M2型慢羽鸡的主翼羽长度与快羽鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),但是M3仍显著短于快羽鸡(P<0.05)。与慢羽鸡相比,快羽鸡70日龄后体重显著增加(P<0.05),且开产日龄显著提前(P<0.05),但是43周产蛋数较低(P<0.05);快羽鸡除蛋形指数显著高于慢羽鸡外(P<0.05),其他蛋品质指标均无显著差异。综上,快慢羽北京油鸡在生长和产蛋性能上有一定差异,在选育方向和生产管理中应有所差异化,包括加强慢羽品系早熟性即开产日龄的选育和调整快羽品系育成期饲料能蛋水平等。In order to provide basic data for genetic selection,breeding and fine housing of Beijing-You chickens,the females from pure line of Beijing-You chickens were used to identify and compare the feather development,growth and reproductive performance of early and late feathering hens.According to the relative length characteristics of the primary feathers and the coverts,534 newborn female chicks were identified and divided into early and late feathering subgroups.For which,the early feathering included K1(primary feather is at least 5 mm longer than the covert feather)and K2(primary feather is 2-5 mm longer than the covert feather).The late feathering included M1(the primary feather length is equal to or maximumly 2 mm longer than the covert feather),M2(the primary feather is shorter than the covert feather)and M3(the primary feather is not growing out).PCR method was used to verify the female chicks at 6 week of age.Before 7 d of age,the length of primary feathers and coverts were measured every other day,and every other week from 7 to 42 d.Body weight was measured every week from 1 to 8 weeks,and every other week from 9 to 18 weeks.The egg production performance including age at the first egg,egg number until 43 and 52 weeks of age,clutch traits were calculated according to the individual egg production records.The results showed that identification of early and late feathering chickens using phenotype characteristics and PCR method was consistent.The early and late feathering accounted for 25%and 75%of Beijing-You chickens,respectively.The majority of late feathering hens were M2 type,and there were a few M1 and M3 type.The primary feather length of early feathering chickens was higher than that of late feathering chickens within 21-day old(P<0.05).At 28 d,there was no significant difference between M1 and M2(P>0.05),but M3 was still shorter than that of early feathering chickens(P<0.05).Compared with late feathering,the body weight of early feathering Beijing-You chickens was heavier after 70 d of age(P<0.05),a

关 键 词：北京油鸡 快羽 慢羽 生产性能 羽毛发育 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]