近代长江镇江段航道变迁研究(1861—1922)——以旧海关地图为中心  

Transition Research of Zhenjiang Channel of the Yangtze River in Modern China(1861—1922)--Based on old Customs Maps

作　　者：凃薛亮 晏昌贵[1] TU Xueliang;YAN Changgui(School of History, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《皖西学院学报》2021年第3期140-147,共8页Journal of West Anhui University

摘　　要：基于专业测绘的旧海关地图详细记录了近代镇江航道的变迁,通过详细解析近代旧海关地图的记录特点,利用ArcGIS 10.4软件将1861—1922年间的镇江测绘地图进行数字化处理,并参照结合文献分析镇江段航道的金山、征润州以及长江北岸三个部分的变迁过程。金山段江岸最先开始淤积,其淤涨进程在20世纪20年代后由于征润州的包围而逐渐趋缓;征润州成为后起之秀,洲尾不断生长直接导致了镇江港的淤废;长江北岸大抵以七壕口为界,下游江岸在前期呈现不断淤涨之势,在20世纪以后发生了后退,年际变化逐渐增大,在上游地区一直呈现不断坍缩的局面。这一时期镇江段航道变化的主要因素来自河流水动力条件的变化,人为影响虽不占有主要成分但不可忽略。镇江航道的变迁造成了港口的迁移和近代贸易地位的衰落,同时也对镇江居民用水和卫生状况造成了极大的影响。Based on special surveying,the old customs map detailed recorded the transition of Zhenjiang Channel in modern China,which is the important historical record to research the change of Zhenjiang Channel.According to the detailed analysis of recording characteristics about Zhenjiang Channel in modern China,Zhenjiang maps which were surveyed in 1861 to 1922 can be digitized by ArcGIS 10.4 software,and the position,distance and acreage data about geographical factors will be accurately recorded.By means of analyzing the changing process of Jinshan,Chenjenchow and north bank of Yangtze River with the reference of literature review,there are three important discoveries being seen.First,Jinshan was filled up by mud in the earliest,but the process of it slowed down because of the surrounding of the Chenjenchow since 1920s.Then the increasing of Chenjenchow caught up with the Jinshan's,which directly lead to the result that the Zhenjiang port could not be used by its end.Last,approximately divided by Chihaokou,the downstream of north bank of Yangtze River silted constantly in the 19 century,but it began to accelerated erode afterwards.On the contrary,the upstream of it corroded all the time.The main reason of Zhenjiang Channel's Transition was the variation of hydrodynamic conditions of river in the period.In addition,the tendency of it was also affected by natural disaster.Although human factors were not dominant,the influences of them were not to be ignored.The transition of Zhenjiang Channel lead to the migration of Zhenjiang port and the decline of its trade status.At the same time,the transition also made it more difficult for residents to intake daily water and keep sanitary condition well.The research for transition of Zhenjiang Channel will not only be of great importance for academic study,but also help to exploit and manage the Zhenjiang Channel at present.

关 键 词：近代 海关地图 长江 镇江航道 

分 类 号：F552.6[经济管理—产业经济]