一种有压流下细颗粒泥沙起动试验方法  

Method for measuring the incipient velocity of fine-grained sediment in pressure flow

作　　者：李华勇 陈远中 陈槐[3] LI Huayong;CHEN Yuanzhong;CHEN Huai(Jiangxi Provincial Port&Waterway Construction Investment Group Co.,LTD,Nanchang 330008,China;Gongming Water Supply and Storage Project Management Office in Shenzhen City,Shenzhen 518036,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology,Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省港航建设投资集团有限公司,江西南昌330008 [2]深圳市公明供水调蓄工程管理处,广东深圳518036 [3]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2021年第3期350-355,共6页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407803);国家自然科学基金青年项目(51609146)。

摘　　要：本文提出了一种有压流下细颗粒泥沙起动时刻定量判别与起动流速测量的方法。结合可升降水塔、钢化玻璃封闭槽道、粒子图像测速系统等,本文开发出压力可调的泥沙起动试验系统,其中水塔用以改变水压,激光用以照亮泥沙颗粒,高速相机用以实时捕捉起动过程。泥沙起动后会散射激光,导致图片灰度急剧升高,依此特征推求起动时刻,并计算起动流速。采用三峡库区原型细颗粒泥沙进行大水压下泥沙起动试验,并与已有起动流速统一公式进行对比。本文试验结果与唐存本1963和窦国仁1999公式的差异较小,受制于试验条件和样本数量的不足,此阶段还无法对各家公式进行优劣比较。今后将开展更多组次不同工况的试验,以期能提出有压流下的泥沙起动流速统一公式并实际应用。A method for measuring the incipient velocity of fine-grained sediment under pressure flow is in⁃troduced in this study.A water tower,a closed channel and a particle image velocimetry system were com⁃bined to carry out the experiment.The tower was used to change the water pressure,and the laser sheet was used to illuminate the sand bed while a high-speed camera was employed to capture pictures about the incipient motion.As sediment particles scattered the laser sheet when they suspended,the gray level of the pictures changed dramatically,and this critical feature can be used to infer the incipient velocity.Fine sediment that originated from the Three Gorges Reservoir was used as test sample,and measuring results were compared with published formulas.The difference between incipient velocities in this study and those of Tang Cunben 1963 and Dou Guoren 1999 formulas is small.Due to the difference of experimental condi⁃tions and the lack of sample population,it is impossible to make a comprehensive comparison among each published formula at this stage.In the future,more tests will be carried out under different conditions in or⁃der to put forward a practical unified formula for estimating sediment incipient velocity under pressure flow.

关 键 词：有压流 槽道 细颗粒 泥沙起动 激光 高速相机 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]