农村医疗卫生服务改进:农民需要与国家政策  

The Improvement of Rural Health Service: Farmers’ Needs and National Policies

作　　者：吴业苗 WU Yemiao

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2021年第4期65-75,共11页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目“美好生活视域下乡村民生新需求与公共服务提升研究”(19BSH157)。

摘　　要：农村医疗卫生服务政策在21世纪前后有较大差别。20世纪六七十年代农村社会缺医少药,国家政策鼓励乡村集体创办合作医疗,低层次地解决农民医疗卫生需要问题;20世纪八九十年代,多数乡村集体经济因家庭承包制出现式微,无力支撑合作医疗运行,农村医疗卫生服务供给短缺,农民看病难问题突出;进入21世纪后,国家主动推进农村医疗卫生事业发展,不断提高新农合补助和基本公共卫生投入,基本满足了农民医疗卫生服务需要。近年来,农民享有的服务水平和质量逐年提高,不仅新农合正在对接城镇居民医保,越来越多的农民享受到均等化医疗保障,而且国家不断改善农村医疗服务和公共卫生条件,农民的健康权益得到了有效维护和提升。但农村医疗卫生服务仍存在诸多新问题,面临多方面新挑战,尤其是公平性、有效性、均衡性与可及性不足的结构性困境掣肘农村医疗卫生服务发展。基于此,改进农村医疗卫生服务,国家需要在乡村振兴、城乡融合发展和农业农村现代化的战略实施中,着力推进医疗卫生服务一体化发展,实施医疗卫生精准化服务,还需要面向农民新需要,优化农村医疗卫生服务供需结构,合理配置农村医疗卫生服务资源,推动健康服务与乡村振兴深度融合。The national policy of farmers’medical and health needs is quite different before and after the new century.In the 1960s and 1970s,the rural society was short of medical care and medicine.The national policy encouraged the rural collective to establish cooperative medical care to service farmers at a low level.In the 1980s and 1990s,due to the decline of household contract system,most rural collective economies were unable to support the operation of cooperative medical care,and the problem of farmers’difficulty in seeing a doctor was serious.After entering the new century,the state actively constantly improves the new rural cooperative medical assistance and basic public health investment,which basically meets the needs of farmers’medical and health services.At present,the rural medical and health services are facing many new challenges,especially the structural is lack of equity,effectiveness,balance and accessibility,which holds back the development of rural medical and health services.Therefore,to improve rural medical and health services,the state not only needs to promote the integrated development of medical and health services under the new changes in rural society,implement the precise medical and health services,but also to meet the new needs of farmers,optimize the supply and demand structure of rural medical and health services,allocate rural medical and health services resources reasonably,and promote the deep integration of health services and rural revitalization.

关 键 词：医疗卫生服务 国家政策 农民需要 农村问题 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]