台风对钱塘江涌潮影响研究  

Study on influence of typhoon on tidal bore in Qiantang River

作　　者：潘存鸿[1,2] 潘冬子 郑君[1,2] 陈刚 PAN Cunhong;PAN Dongzi;ZHENG Jun;CHEN Gang(Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary,Hangzhou 310020,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coast,Hangzhou 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省水利河口研究院,浙江杭州310020 [2]浙江省河口海岸重点实验室,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2020年第4期40-47,共8页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51779228,41876095);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407506)。

摘　　要：钱塘江年最大涌潮几乎都发生在台风期间。基于实测潮汐资料,结合天文潮调和分析,研究台风对钱塘江河口涌潮起潮点下游河段潮汐的影响,探讨因潮汐变化间接引起的钱塘江涌潮变化。结果表明:台风引起低潮位、潮差、潮到时间、涨潮历时等变化,间接影响涌潮,造成涌潮高度、陡度、传播速度、到达时间和涌潮流速等变化。总体而言,台风期间盐官涌潮高度平均增大0.18 m,到达时间平均提早37 min;澉浦至盐官段涌潮传播速度平均增大8.9%,陡度变陡,流速有增有减,但单宽流量增大。The annual greatest tidal bore in the Qiantang River almost occurs during typhoons.Based on the measured tidal data and combined with the harmonic analysis of astronomical tides,the influence of typhoon on tide downstream of the tidal bore formation section in the Qiantang River Estuary was studied,and then the tidal bore changes indirectly caused by tidal changes was discussed.The results show that typhoons cause the changes in low tide level,tidal range,tidal bore arrival time and duration of flood tide,and indirectly affect tidal bore through typhoons,resulting in the changes in tidal bore height,steepness,propagation speed,arrival time and flow velocity.In general,during a typhoon,the tidal bore height at Yanguan increases by 0.18 m on average,and the time of tidal bore arrives 37 min earlier on average,the propagation speed of tidal bore from Ganpu to Yanguan increases by 8.9%on average,the steepness of tidal bore increases,and the velocity of tidal bore increases or decreases,but the unit width flow rate increases.

关 键 词：钱塘江 台风 涌潮高度 涌潮流速 涌潮传播速度 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]