胡焕庸线的学术思想源流与地理分界意义  

The ideological origins and geographical demarcation significance of Hu Huanyong Line

作　　者：丁金宏[1] 程晨[1] 张伟佳[1] 田阳 DING Jinhong;CHENG Chen;ZHANGWeijia;TIAN Yang(Institute of Population Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学人口研究所,上海200241

出　　处：《地理学报》2021年第6期1317-1333,共17页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA132);2019年华东师范大学优秀博士生学术创新能力提升计划项目(YBNLTS2019-053)。

摘　　要：20世纪早期,中国面临内忧外患、人地关系矛盾空前剧烈,地理学家对于中国人口国情、西北开发及国内移民等关乎国运问题的思考与探索,孕育了中国的人口地理学。1935年胡焕庸发表的“中国人口之分布”是中国人口地理学走向成熟的标识,文中提出的“瑷珲—腾冲线”即“胡焕庸线”,是中国人口地理的重要分界线。胡焕庸线的存在性与稳定性被人口普查等现实数据反复验证,其科学原理也被学术界从自然、经济、社会文化等方面加以揭示和阐释。本文指出食物与就业是胡焕庸线潜在的两大逻辑。胡焕庸线正在成为一条重要的国家地理分界,对认知与分析中国国情产生越来越重要的影响。近年来胡焕庸线的研究有了广泛引申,并衍生出多个领域、多种意义下的胡焕庸线,在应用层面上还出现了对该线的修正与变通。在“总理三问”的影响下,胡焕庸线能否突破成为一个学术热点,本文认为重要的不是增加西北人口份额,而是让西北地区获得更多发展机会,促进区域均衡发展。In the early 20th century,China was faced with domestic crisis and foreign invasion,and the man-land contradictions were unprecedented fierce.Geographers pondered and explored the issues of national fortune such as China's population status,northwest exploitation and internal migration,thus China's population geography emerged as the times required."The distribution of population in China"published by Hu Huanyong in 1935 is a symbol of maturity of China's population geography.The Hu Huanyong Line(also known as Hu Line)proposed in this paper,which he originally called the Aihui-Tengchong Line,is a significant geographical demarcation of China's population.The existence and stability of the Hu Line have been repeatedly verified by census data,and its scientific principles have also been revealed and explained by the academic circles from aspects of nature,economy,social culture,etc.This paper points out that grain and employment are the two hidden logics behind the Hu Line.The Hu Line is becoming a crucial national geographic demarcation,which has an increasingly essential impact on the cognition and analysis of China's national conditions.Recent research on the Hu Line has been widely extended in various fields and meanings,and there arose some amendments and adaptations of the line in practice.Under the influence of"Premier Li Keqiang's three questions",whether the Hu Line can be broken through has become an academic hot spot.This paper holds that it is more important to create more opportunities of the northwest region than to increase the share of population so as to balance regional development.

关 键 词：胡焕庸线 发现与命名 国家地理分界 人口地理 均衡发展 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]