基于仿方竹结构的薄壁管耐撞性分析及优化  

Analysis and optimization of crashworthiness of the thin-walled tube based on the square bamboo structure

作　　者：陈晓薇 马彬[1,2,3] 陈勇 CHEN Xiao-wei;MA Bin;CHEN Yong(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing 100192;Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing,Beijing 100192;Beijing Laboratory for New Energy Vehicle,Beijing 100192)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学机电工程学院,北京100192 [2]北京电动车辆协同创新中心,北京100192 [3]新能源汽车北京实验室,北京100192

出　　处：《机械设计》2021年第5期57-64,共8页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51608040);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(3174049);北京信息科技大学科研水平提高重点培育项目(2020KYNH203);北京信息科技大学“勤信英才”资助计划(QXTCP-C201701)。

摘　　要：薄壁金属管是发生碰撞时为安全性所设置的关键吸能构件。为了提高薄壁管结构的耐撞性,结合方管的易安装性和圆管的稳定性,基于方竹结构对薄壁管截面进行耐撞性分析和仿生优化设计。通过对方竹结构的原型分析,利用ABAQUS搭建了仿方竹结构薄壁管有限元分析模型,在对模型进行试验验证的基础上,以壁厚、肋长为研究参数对仿方竹薄壁管耐撞特性进行了仿真分析。在此基础上,采用全因子试验设计方法来构建响应面模型,以比吸能和初始峰值载荷为目标函数,运用多目标粒子群优化算法进行优化求解并获得最优解的Pareto集。研究结果表明:仿方竹结构薄壁管有较好的耐撞性和稳定性,壁厚0.892 mm、肋长2.995 mm为仿方竹结构的最优解,此时初始峰值载荷和比吸能分别为10 k N和7.936598 k J/kg。研究结果对薄壁管的结构设计和尺寸优化具有重要意义。The thin-walled metal tube is a key energy-absorbing component provided for safety in the event of collision. In this article,in order to improve the crashworthiness of the thin-walled tube structure,in combination with the easy installation of the square tube and the stability of the round tube,the thin-walled tube section is subject to both the crashworthiness analysis and the bionic optimization based on the square bamboo structure. With the analysis on the prototype of this structure,the finite-element model is set up by means of ABAQUS. Based on the experimental verification of the model,the thin-walled bamboo tube is simulated,with the wall thickness and the rib length as the parameters. The crash characteristics are simulated and analyzed. On this basis,the full-factor experimental design is conducted to construct the response-surface model. Both the specific energy absorption and the initial peak load are adopted as the objective functions. The multi-objective particle-swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the multi-objective optimization and obtain the Pareto set of the optimal solution. The results show that the thin-walled tube based on the square bamboo structure has good impact resistance and stability. The wall thickness of 0. 892 mm and the rib length of 2. 995 mm are the optimal solutions of this structure,with the initial peak load and the specific energy absorption 10 k N and 7. 936 598 k J/kg respectively. These results are of great significance for the thin-walled tube’s structural design and size optimization.

关 键 词：薄壁管 仿生结构 耐撞性 响应面函数 多目标粒子群优化算法 

分 类 号：U463[机械工程—车辆工程]