民法典体系视角下的意思自治与法律行为  

Private Autonomy and Legal Acts from a Systematic Perspective of the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：姚明斌[1] Yao Mingbin

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2021年第3期140-155,共16页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“优化营商环境视野下的新型担保司法裁判研究”(项目批准号:19BFX150)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着民法典竣工运行,应从体系视角跟进观察、评估法律行为制度及其承载的意思自治理念所表达的体系价值、体系效应和体系发展。在体例维度,民法典作为典范性法源,开放出了法律行为的准法源地位,具有落实私法自治之宪法基本权利的意义;总分则体例结构之下,法律行为制度的体系价值可结合"民法基本原则""民事权利""法律行为"三个关键词展开。在构成维度,民法典的规范分析表明,意思表示系成立法律行为的先行机制;意思表示规范中,意思表示解释规则的体系效应尤其值得重视。在效果维度,民法典并未就处分行为的效力配备具体规则,需借助类推予以补充和发展;动产和权利担保法的体系重整,会引发处分行为在物权变动公示对抗规则、所有权担保规则等局部新的解释论问题。As the Chinese Civil Code comes to force, the systematic value and private autonomy enshrined should be observed from a systematic perspective. In dimension of style of legislation, as a model source of law, the Chinese Civil Code has established the status of a quasi-legal source of legal acts, which has the significance of implementing the constitutional basic right of private autonomy;under the general part-specific part structure, the systematic value of the legal acts institution can be explored with three keywords, including "Basic Principles of Civil Law", "Rights in Civil Law" and "Legal Acts". In dimension of composition, the normative analysis of the Chinese Civil Code shows that the expression of intent is an advance mechanism for establishing legal acts;among the norms of expression of intent, the systematic interplay of rules on the interpretation of expression of intent is particularly worthy of attention. In dimension of effect, the Chinese Civil Code does not provide specific rules on the effect of legal acts of disposition, which needs to be supplemented and developed through analogy;the reforms on the security interests system over movables and rights will trigger new problems about applying the confrontation rules in property law and the rules of ownership guarantees.

关 键 词：意思自治 法律行为 意思表示 意思表示解释 处分行为 负担行为 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]